World Neurosurg
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To identify the potent metabolic biomarkers of cauda equina injury (CEI). ⋯ Using metabolomic analysis, we were able to identify the novel serum biomarkers of CEI that may be relevant to the diagnosis and prognosis of CEI. In addition, our pathway analysis provides important insights into the etiology of CEI and a basis for clinical diagnosis, locating biomarkers in the early stages of the pathological process.
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Recently, microRNAs (miRs) have been reported to be novel regulators in ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the pattern of miR-451 expression along with its clinical application in human ischemic stroke and in an in vivo mouse model. ⋯ In conclusion, miR-451 displays the neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke and might serve as a novel therapeutic target of ischemic stroke.
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Microscopic training is essential for development of neurosurgical skills. A range of models is reported in the literature for this purpose, including live animals, exvivo, and synthetic material. Among the factors involved in selection and development of a training station, cost is a decisive one. ⋯ Although these models do not resemble anatomic landmarks in the human brain, the bovine heart model allowed the residents to gain confidence in handling vascular tissue in a microscopic environment.