World Neurosurg
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In lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSL), the criteria and extent of surgical treatment have not been strictly defined owing to the adjacent segment disease theory and unclear molecular pathogenesis. The present study analyzed the clinical and radiographic findings of patients after lower lumbar fusion surgery with single and 2-level DSL and explored the inflammatory mediator's role in DSL evolution and symptoms. ⋯ Our findings did not support the adjacent segment disease theory. However, later development of these changes could not be excluded. The cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors play a significant role in DSL pathogenesis and symptoms.
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Carotid artery stenosis is frequently diagnosed through screening tests with noninvasive imaging. Because of differences noted between the various modalities, we sought to investigate our experience comparing noninvasive imaging (ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography) with invasive imaging (digital subtraction angiography). ⋯ Angiography should be considered the confirmatory test for degree of stenosis in certain patients before definitive surgical treatment.
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We sought to identify potential risk factors for the development of shunt-dependent chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion. In particular, the role of inflammatory markers within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was assessed. ⋯ The time course of selected inflammatory markers in CSF may support management considerations in the early phase after SAH and critical impairment of CSF circulation.
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Multicenter Study Controlled Clinical Trial
Association of Cardioembolism and Intracranial Arterial Stenosis with Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke.
To estimate the association of different etiologies of cardioembolism (CE), intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS), or the combination of these conditions with outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. ⋯ The presence of both CE and ICAS was associated with poor outcome in patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion treated with endovascular thrombectomy. Future studies are warranted to further explore this association.
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Review Case Reports
Retroclival Arachnoid Cysts: Case Series, Literature Review, and a New Classification Proposal.
The retroclival region is among the rarest locations for an arachnoid cyst (AC), with only a few reported cases. No accepted classification system is available for these rare cysts. Such a classification system would solve the nomenclature problem and could result in easier and more systematic management. We reviewed and analyzed data from databases and reported studies of retroclival ACs (RACs) and have proposed a classification system. ⋯ RACs can be more easily and systematically managed using a simple clinical classification system. Together with the previously proposed suprasellar AC classification, our proposed RAC classification should be adequate to classify all ACs in the ventral midline cistern, which could solve the nomenclature problem.