World Neurosurg
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The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) may be affected by several diseases. It is an anatomically complex region, involving the osteoligamentous, vascular, and nervous structures, which makes surgery challenging. In a case of ventral compression, an anterior approach is preferable, although posterior fixation is often required. Anterior transmucosal approaches are associated with high rates of complications. However, decompression and fixation by the use of retropharyngeal extramucosal approaches may be challenging. ⋯ A single- stage anterior extramucosal SM approach for decompression and stabilization of the CVJ is feasible and could result in shorter surgical duration, avoiding the complications related to both the transmucosal approach and the prone position, although specific related risks exist. Mechanical investigation of this hybrid system and in vivo studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Fracture of the odontoid process is a critical injury to diagnose and often treat. The aim of this anatomic study was to present a comprehensive understanding of this part of the C2 vertebra. ⋯ Improved knowledge of the anatomy, structural composition, and variations within the C2 vertebra may allow for better treatment options and patient care.
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Corpus callosum (CC) infarction has been reported to be rare because of the rich blood supply in the CC. The pathophysiology of CC infarction associated with acute hydrocephalus is unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the characteristics and mechanism of CC infarction associated with acute noncommunicating hydrocephalus (ANCH). ⋯ The present study has presented evidence that increased intraventricular pressure by ANCH applied transversely in the splenium will directly induce compression of the superior branch of the posterior callosal artery and pericallosal pial plexus, resulting in splenium-specific infarction in patients with ANCH.
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To compare circumferential minimally invasive (cMIS) versus open surgeries for mild-to-moderate adult spinal deformity (ASD) with regard to intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital lengths of stay (LOS). ⋯ For patients with mild-to-moderate ASD, cMIS surgery had a significantly lower EBL and shorter ICU stay. Major and minor complication rates were lower in cMIS patients than open patients. Overall LOS was shorter in cMIS patients, but did not reach statistical significance.
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The techniques for atlantoaxial arthrodesis have been modified over the years, and placing C1 lateral mass screws is a modern approach. C2 neuropathy is a complication of concern; however, sacrifice of the C2 nerve is an accepted and often favored adjunct. The impact of the technique for cutting the C2 nerve is not adequately addressed in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes from a series of roots sacrificed during C1-2 fusion with attention to the C2 transection method. ⋯ C2 neuralgia is rare when sharply dividing the C2 root with the aid of bipolar electrocautery at the midportion of the ganglion where it overlies the C1-2 joint. A literature review suggests the impact of the root sacrifice method is an underappreciated modifiable factor in outcome. In future reports, description of the root transection technique is imperative and trials comparing ganglionectomy versus transection proximal to the ganglion or through the ganglion should be considered.