World Neurosurg
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Recognition of congenital tethered cervical cord in adults and literature review. ⋯ Neurocutaneous stigmata should not be considered benign. A missed clinical diagnosis was apparent in all 3 patients; 2 of whom underwent surgery with excellent results. MRI can identify the abnormal cervical cord protruding towards the "sinus tract" and allow planning to avert injury to the spinal cord during release.
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The paper uses clinical neuropsychological testing methods and resting state functional MRI technology to investigate whether chemotherapy can cause cognitive impairment and/or changes in local brain activity in breast cancer patients. In the thesis, 21 breast cancer patients (stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ) who had not undergone radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were confirmed by clinical surgery and pathology, with an average age of (50.14±13.12) years. Perform 6 neuropsychological tests before chemotherapy and 1 month after chemotherapy, conventional horizontal axis T2-weighted fluid attenuation inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) sequence, plane echo imaging blood oxygen level dependent (EPI-Bold) functional sequence collection. ⋯ One month after chemotherapy, the brain areas with increased ALLF in breast cancer patients include: left inferior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left middle temporal and upper gyrus, and bilateral praecuneus. In breast cancer patients, memory, attention, executive function and processing speed are reduced in the short term after conventional chemotherapy. Chemotherapy changes the neural activity of the resting local brain areas, mainly the increased activity of the bilateral anterior cuneiform and middle temporal gyrus, which is the brain area that constitutes the default network (DMN).
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Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) can often be successfully treated with endovascular embolization; however, surgery is occasionally still required. ⋯ The case and operative video provide a valuable addition to surgical literature in an era where surgical management of dAVFs has become relatively rare.
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Surgical brain injury caused by brain retraction is a well-known consequence of intracranial surgery. Modern retractor designs, particularly since the 1980s, have significantly improved ease of use, improved visibility for surgeons, and minimized retraction-induced injuries, though not yet been entirely eliminated. ⋯ Traditionally, self-retaining brain retractors with moveable arms and 1 or more attachable blades made from malleable stainless steel or silicone rubber have been the tool of choice; however, recently tubular retraction systems that only require fixation to the head frame and cause less focal pressure damage than older retractors have gained in popularity for some cases. This review aims to address the history of brain retraction and discuss each of the commonly used brain retractor types, as well as some newer and less common varieties especially in terms of the extent of tissue damage typically caused as well as the types of injuries reported by the users.