World Neurosurg
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The most uncontrollable complication during coil embolization of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm is thromboembolic ischemia. We analyzed whether thromboembolic complications could be reduced by using preoperative antiplatelet medications for acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in multicenter fashion. ⋯ Preoperative multiple antiplatelet medication reduced thromboembolic events in coiling during acute stage subarachnoid hemorrhage and improved clinical outcomes.
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Spindle cell oncocytomas (SCOs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors of the posterior pituitary that are often misdiagnosed as nonfunctional pituitary tumors. Fewer than 50 cases of SCOs have been described in the literature, and many of these reports have documented the tumors to be hypervascular on imaging or histology. ⋯ Despite being a rare entity, SCOs should be included in the differential diagnosis when working up a hypervascular sellar tumor. Flow voids may be present on initial magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Subsequent digital subtraction angiography can be used to further investigate abnormal vasculature and aid in surgical planning.
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Case Reports
Pseudohypoxic Brain Swelling: report of 2 cases and introduction of the Lentiform Rim Sign as Potential MRI Marker.
A rare but important complication related to otherwise uneventful brain and spine surgery is becoming more recognized and more frequently reported in the medical literature. This has been variably labeled as pseudohypoxic brain swelling or postoperative hypotension-associated venous congestion. This poorly understood condition occurs in the setting of surgical intervention and is thought to be related to cerebrospinal fluid leak or evacuation, decreased intracranial pressure, and subsequent development of deep venous congestion affecting the basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebellum. Clinically, patients may have global neurologic deficit and outcomes range from full recovery to vegetative state or death. The imaging correlate includes atypical edema, infarction, or hemorrhage and can overlap the appearance of diffuse hypoxic injury, for which this condition can be mistaken both clinically and radiologically. Although this deep brain tissue edema can be associated with other signs of cerebrospinal fluid hypotension such as dural thickening, brain sagging, and cerebellar herniation, it can be isolated, making the diagnosis challenging. ⋯ The lentiform rim sign can be helpful for differentiation of pseudohypoxic brain swelling versus hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) in the sacral region are extremely rare. The location and complex angioarchitecture of these lesions make both identification and treatment challenging, even in experienced hands. We report on a sacral DAVF with a unique angioarchitecture and discuss its specific anatomy. ⋯ Sacral DAVFs present serious diagnostic difficulties and require a profound understanding of possible fistula-supplying arteries of the sacral region. Microsurgical interruption of the often ventrally located drainage vein presents an efficient treatment modality and could provide an immediate confirmation of fistula occlusion using indocyanine green videoangiography.
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Case Reports
Proximal adjacent segment disease manifesting as retro-odontoid pseudotumour following fusion to C2.
Although adjacent segment disease (ASD) following anterior cervical fusion has been well described in the literature, there is relative paucity of data on this pathology after posterior cervical fusion. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of proximal ASD following posterior fusion to C2. ⋯ Proximal ASD can manifest as retroodontoid pseudotumor at variable time intervals following posterior fusion to C2. Clinicians must account for this possibility in their decision making.