World Neurosurg
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Advancement and evolution of current virtual reality (VR) surgical simulation technologies are integral to improve the available armamentarium of surgical skill education. This is especially important in high-risk surgical specialties. Such fields including neurosurgery are beginning to explore the utilization of virtual reality simulation in the assessment and training of psychomotor skills. An important issue facing the available VR simulation technologies is the lack of complexity of scenarios that fail to replicate the visual and haptic realities of complex neurosurgical procedures. Therefore there is a need to create more realistic and complex scenarios with the appropriate visual and haptic realities to maximize the potential of virtual reality technology. ⋯ Our roadmap of a stepwise approach for the creation of complex VR-simulated neurosurgical procedures may also serve as a guide to aid the development of other VR scenarios in a variety of surgical fields. The generation of new VR complex simulated neurosurgical procedures, by surgeons for surgeons, with the help of computer scientists and engineers may improve the assessment and training of residents and ultimately improve patient care.
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To explore the influencing factors of postoperative delirium (POD) after deep brain electric stimulation (DBS) in patients older than 50 years with Parkinson disease (PD) and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of POD. ⋯ Based on the influencing factors of delirium after DBS for patients older than 50 years with PD, the nomogram model for predicting the risk of POD has been established in this study. The prediction efficiency is good, which can provide a reference for early clinical identification of high-risk patients and formulate interventional countermeasures as soon as possible.