World Neurosurg
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after penetrating skull base injury is relatively rare compared with close head injuries involving skull base fractures. ⋯ Endonasal endoscopic caulking of a skull base defect using an FFG plug can be useful to treat CSF leakage due to the localized skull base defect, especially in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. It is simple, inexpensive, and timesaving. It requires no special skills nor sophisticated instruments that can cause aerosolization, reducing the risk of infection during the surgery.
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Review Case Reports
Hemorrhagic fibrous dysplasia with acute neurological decline: Case report and review of the literature.
Fibrous dysplasia is a rare, benign fibro-osseous malformation whose occurrence in the craniofacial area can result in optic nerve compression, a cerebral mass effect, and cosmetic deformity. Most lesions will progress slowly, and the risk of malignant progression is rare. ⋯ Hemorrhagic transformation of craniofacial FD remains rare but can present with acute neurologic deterioration. Rapid diagnosis and treatment can allow reversal of patient morbidity. We have also included Supplementary Video 1 to illustrate the surgical principles, and we review the reported data of similar cases.
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Reports on neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have attracted broad attention. We present an unusual case of COVID-19-associated encephalitis mimicking a glial tumor. ⋯ Our case raises awareness of neurologic manifestations of the disease and their potential to mimic glial tumors. For prompt diagnosis and prevention of transmission, clinicians should consider COVID-19 in patients with similar presentation.
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Review Case Reports
Delayed fragmentation and distal embolisation of retained microcatheter causing lower limb ischaemia: A case report and review of the literature.
Endovascular microcatheter adherence and retention is an uncommon complication during brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization with glue or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer that has previously reported, although there are sparse reports of symptomatic complications thereafter. ⋯ Fragmentation over retained microcatheters remains a concern that may be worth monitoring in the long term, although there are no recommendations for timing.
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Post-traumatic diploic leptomeningeal cyst with bilateral posterior cranial fossa epidural hygroma is a rare complication after calvarial fracture. Very few cases have been reported to date; hence, there are no specific guidelines for the management of these cases. ⋯ Post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst is commonly associated with occipital injury. The causes are as follows: the dura is very loosely attached to the intracranial lamina in young children, injury to the skull results in potential epidural space, and any tear or breach in the meninges leads to accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in these spaces giving rise to cystic swelling. Watertight duroplasty with trials of duro-periosteal hitching has been described in the management of these cases.