World Neurosurg
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Pediatric atlantoaxial instability (AAI) is not common and could be a serious clinical condition. The Goel-Harms technique is one of the most used techniques in adults and needs more evaluation in pediatric populations. This study reports the feasibility and safety of the Goel-Harms technique in the treatment of pediatric reducible AAI. ⋯ Our data suggest that the Goel-Harms technique is a safe, feasible, and effective procedure in managing pediatric reducible AAI. Special perioperative care should be offered to young AAI patients with DS.
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Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVMs) represent tangles of abnormal vasculature without intervening capillaries. High-pressure vascular channels due to abnormal arterial and venous shunts can lead to rupture. Multiple pathways are involved in the pathobiology of cAVMs including inflammation and genetic factors such as KRAS mutations. Neutrophil release of nuclear chromatin, known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), plays a multifunctional role in infection, inflammation, thrombosis, intracranial aneurysms, and tumor progression. However, the relationship between NETs and the pathobiology of cAVMs remains unknown. We tested whether NETs play a role in the pathobiology of cAVMs. ⋯ Our results offer the first evidence of intravascular expression of NETs, which might be associated with vascular inflammation in cAVMs.
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Visual field defects occasionally occur secondary to tumors in the parietal and the occipital lobes. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of improvement in hemianopsia after surgery for metastatic brain tumors involving or adjacent to the optic radiation (OR). ⋯ The OR tended to deviate to the lateral side of the tumor in the parieto-occipital junction. The postoperative visual field improved even in cases of an occipital tumor. Based on the present study, total resection via an appropriate surgical route should be considered to preserve the OR, leading to improvement in the postoperative visual field.
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To assess long-term outcomes of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hSRT) for head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGs). ⋯ hSRT for HNPGs was an effective treatment with minimal side effects over the long term and may have a role as first-line therapy, especially for symptomatic nonfunctional HNPGs, for better symptom control.
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The prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is increasing. The indications for and efficacy of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) are controversial. We sought to identify predictors of outcome after BKP in patients with OVCF. ⋯ BMI and subsequent OVCF are the most influential predictors of independent living 1 year after BKP for OVCF.