World Neurosurg
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The penetrating end plate screw (PES) technique improved the fixation strength of the pedicle screw by penetrating the end plate in posterior fusion. The "double" PES, which is a trajectory that penetrates both the upper end plate of the corresponding vertebra and the lower end plate of the upper adjacent vertebral body, provides a stronger tricortical fixation but requires a stricter trajectory. The purpose of this study was to measure the cephalad angles from T7-L5 that would allow a safe trajectory for "double" PES. ⋯ It is important to measure the optimal cephalad angle by preoperative computed tomography imaging according to the vertebral level. In L4 and L5, "double" PES should be avoided because it is often unsafe.
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Academic misrepresentation is not an unknown phenomenon, with recent reports in neurosurgery detecting a 45% misrepresentation rate in prospective neurosurgical residents. The purpose of this study was to determine current rates of academic misrepresentation by prospective neurosurgical residents at a single institution across 2 distinct application cycles. ⋯ Misrepresentation rates within neurosurgical residency candidates have significantly decreased despite an increase in reported citations. A variety of steps including education, modifying reporting methods, and increased screening may help even further decrease misrepresentation.