Folia Morphol
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Review Case Reports
Anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery from the arch of the aorta: review of the literature and a case report.
The present report describes an anomalous case of the left vertebral artery arising from the aortic arch between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery in a male cadaver during dissection in an anatomical laboratory. Aortic origin of the vertebral artery is a rare anatomic variant. ⋯ Normally, the vertebral artery arises from the first part of the subclavian artery on both sides. We also review the anomalous origin of the vertebral artery in the literature and discuss its clinical significance.
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Review Case Reports
Co-existence of os acromiale with suprascapular osseous bridge: a case report and review of the literature.
We report on a very rare case of co-existence of os acromiale with suprascapular osseous bridge in a dry scapula. The frequency of os acromiale alone ranges from 1.3 to 15%, while the frequency of suprascapular osseous bridge varies between 0.036% and 12.5%. We review the relative literature and emphasize the fact that such knowledge is important for a physician in order to avoid misdiagnosis of an acromion fracture and lytic lesion of the scapula.
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Review Case Reports
An accessory middle scalene muscle causing thoracic outlet syndrome.
The aim of our study is to present a very rare accessory middle scalene muscle, leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. In particular, a muscular bundle was discovered on a male cadaver connecting the middle portion of the middle scalene muscle with the anterior scalene muscle insertion to Lisfranc's tubercle. ⋯ This anomaly is of great importance because it emphasises the fact that it is not primarily the anterior scalene muscle that produces symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome but the anterior displacement of the middle scalene muscle or its accessory muscular bands. We also present the relative international literature and the clinical significance of our finding.