The Journal of pediatrics
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The Journal of pediatrics · Feb 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialA prospective, randomized, multicenter trial of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome receiving surfactant.
To compare high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) as a primary ventilation mode in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Primary end points were survival and maintenance of the randomized ventilation mode. ⋯ After surfactant treatment, HFOV, as a primary ventilation mode in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome, is as safe and efficacious as conventional ventilation.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Dec 1997
Multicenter StudyIncidence of premature birth and neonatal respiratory disease in infants of HIV-positive mothers. The Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Study Group.
We sought to determine the prematurity rate in infants of HIV-positive mothers and to characterize the incidence and severity of neonatal respiratory disease in this population. ⋯ Infants born to HIV-positive mothers exhibited high prematurity and low birth weight rates, and the odds of prematurity were higher in infants who were infected with HIV. Despite the high incidence of prematurity and perinatal risk of this population, incidence and severity of neonatal respiratory disease were not higher than would be expected from available neonatal data in populations not exposed to HIV.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Nov 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialEquivalent antipyretic activity of ibuprofen and paracetamol in febrile children.
The antipyretic activity of ibuprofen in the Sparklets form was compared, in an equivalence study, with that of paracetamol in the same formulation. The study was conducted as a double-blind multicenter trial, with random allocation of the treatments. ⋯ The subjects' rectal temperature was regularly monitored for 6 hours. The statistical analysis of the results confirmed that ibuprofen and paracetamol are equivalent with respect to the following criteria (1) time elapsed between dosing and the lowest temperature: 3.61 +/- 1.34 hours for ibuprofen and 3.65 +/- 1.47 hours for paracetamol (95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference: -0.48; +0.56); (2) extent of the temperature decrease: 1.65 degrees C +/- 0.80 degrees C for ibuprofen and 1.50 degrees C +/- 0.61 degrees C for paracetamol, (95% CI of the difference: -0.41; +0.11); (3) rate of temperature decrease: 0.52 +/- 0.32 degrees C/hr for ibuprofen and 0.51 degrees C +/- 0.38 degrees C/hr for paracetamol (95% CI of the difference: -0.45; +0.55); (4) duration of temperature below 38.5 degrees C: 3.79 +/- 1.33 hours for ibuprofen and 3.84 +/- 1.22 hours for paracetamol (95% CI of the difference: -0.14; +0.12).
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The Journal of pediatrics · Oct 1997
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialSafety and efficacy of flumazenil in the reversal of benzodiazepine-induced conscious sedation. The Flumazenil Pediatric Study Group.
To determine the safety and efficacy of flumazenil when given for reversal of benzodiazepine-induced conscious sedation in children. ⋯ Flumazenil promptly and effectively reverses the central nervous system depressant effects of midazolam in children undergoing conscious sedation, with no significant adverse effects. Because of the potential for resedation, children who receive flumazenil should be monitored for 1 to 2 hours after its administration.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jul 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialRandomized, multicenter trial of inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in severe, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
Although inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) causes selective pulmonary vasodilation and improves oxygenation in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension, its effects are variable. We hypothesized (1) that the response to iNO therapy is dependent on the primary disease associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and (2) that the combination of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with iNO would be efficacious in patients for whom either therapy alone had failed. ⋯ We conclude that treatment with HFOV plus iNO is often more successful than treatment with HFOV or iNO alone in severe PPHN. Differences in responses are partly related to the specific disease associated with PPHN.