The Journal of pediatrics
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The Journal of pediatrics · Aug 2015
Spontaneously Breathing Preterm Infants Change in Tidal Volume to Improve Lung Aeration Immediately after Birth.
To examine the temporal course of lung aeration at birth in preterm infants <33 weeks gestation. ⋯ Preterm infants begin taking deeper breaths approximately 30 breaths after initiating spontaneous breathing to inflate their lungs. Concurrent CO2 removal rises as alveoli are recruited. Lung aeration occurs in 2 phases: initially, large volume breaths with poor alveolar aeration followed by smaller breaths with elimination of CO2 as a consequence of adequate aeration.
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To synthesize the perspectives of a broad range of pediatric palliative care (PPC) clinicians and parents, to formulate a consensus on prioritization of the PPC research agenda. ⋯ This modified Delphi survey used professional and parental consensus to identify preeminent PPC research priorities. Attentiveness to these priorities may help direct resources and efforts toward building a formative evidence base. Investigating PPC implementation approaches and outcomes can help improve the quality of care services for children and families.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Aug 2015
Observational StudyAre Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Prone to Gastroesophageal Reflux? A Prospective Observational Study with Esophageal pH-Impedance Monitoring.
To perform an observational cohort study with esophageal pH-multichannel intraluminal impedance (pH-MII) monitoring in symptomatic preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). ⋯ The increased number of (and sensitivity for) pH-only events among infants with BPD may be explained by several factors, including lower milk intake, impaired esophageal motility, and a peculiar autonomic nervous system response pattern.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jul 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyMask versus Nasal Tube for Stabilization of Preterm Infants at Birth: Respiratory Function Measurements.
To compare the nasal tube with face mask as interfaces for stabilization of very preterm infants at birth by using physiological measurements of leak, obstruction, and expired tidal volumes during positive pressure ventilation (PPV). ⋯ The use of a nasal tube led to large leak, more obstruction, and inadequate tidal volumes compared with face mask.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jul 2015
Multicenter StudyUse of Cough and Cold Medications in Severe Bronchiolitis before and after a Health Advisory Warning against Their Use.
We compared the use of cough and cold medications in 2 multicenter studies of young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis before and after the 2008 Food and Drug Administration cough and cold medications advisory. Although cough and cold medication use decreased after the advisory, nearly 20% of children age 12-23.9 months with severe bronchiolitis received cough and cold medications.