The American journal of clinical nutrition
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The higher risk of death resulting from excess adiposity may be attenuated by physical activity (PA). However, the theoretical number of deaths reduced by eliminating physical inactivity compared with overall and abdominal obesity remains unclear. ⋯ The greatest reductions in mortality risk were observed between the 2 lowest activity groups across levels of general and abdominal adiposity, which suggests that efforts to encourage even small increases in activity in inactive individuals may be beneficial to public health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis fails to prevent common infections in hospitalized children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
The incidence of nosocomial infections in children in developed countries is still high, ranging from 8% to 30%, and standard preventive measures, such as increased hygiene, are not sufficiently efficacious. One of the potential strategies for their prevention is the use of probiotics. ⋯ The results of this study show that the use of B. animalis subsp. lactis failed to prevent nosocomial infections in an acute-setting pediatric hospital in children who were >1 y of age. However, it should be taken into account that the overall incidence of nosocomial infections was lower than expected. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01702766.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Associations of key diet-quality indexes with mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort: the Dietary Patterns Methods Project.
Healthy dietary patterns have been linked positively with health and longevity. However, prospective studies in diverse populations in the United States addressing dietary patterns and mortality are limited. ⋯ These results, in a US multiethnic population, suggest that consuming a dietary pattern that achieves a high diet-quality index score is associated with lower risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer in adult men and women.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Effect of initiating enteral protein feeding on whole-body protein turnover in critically ill patients.
Critically ill patients are susceptible to protein catabolism. Enteral feeding may ameliorate protein loss, but its effect is not well characterized in terms of protein kinetics. ⋯ Whole-body protein turnover and the contribution of dietary protein can be quantified in critically ill patients by using intravenous and enteral stable-isotope Phe tracers. The whole-body protein balance improved during early hypocaloric-hyponitrogenous enteral protein feeding in these patients.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
In Ivorian school-age children, infection with hookworm does not reduce dietary iron absorption or systemic iron utilization, whereas afebrile Plasmodium falciparum infection reduces iron absorption by half.
In sub-Saharan Africa, parasitic diseases and low bioavailable iron intake are major causes of anemia. Anemia results from inflammation, preventing iron recycling and decreasing dietary iron absorption. Hookworm, Plasmodium, and Schistosoma infections contribute to anemia, but their influence on dietary iron absorption and recycling is unknown. ⋯ In school-age children, hookworm infection does not produce inflammation or increase serum hepcidin, and it does not influence iron absorption or utilization. In contrast, afebrile malaria causes inflammation, increases hepcidin, and reduces iron absorption but not utilization. These findings provide insights into the iron metabolism and the etiology of anemia in parasitic infections.