Pharmacol Rep
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The animal models are pivotal for understanding the characteristics of acute renal failure (ARF) and development of effective therapy for its optimal management. Since the etiology for induction of renal failure is multifold, therefore, a large number of animal models have been developed to mimic the clinical conditions of renal failure. Glycerol-induced renal failure closely mimics the rhabdomyolysis; ischemia-reperfusion-induced ARF simulate the hemodynamic changes-induced changes in renal functioning; drug-induced such as gentamicin, cisplatin, NSAID, ifosfamide-induced ARF mimics the renal failure due to clinical administration of respective drugs; uranium, potassium dichromate-induced ARF mimics the occupational hazard; S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine-induced ARF simulate contaminated water-induced renal dysfunction; sepsis-induced ARF mimics the infection-induced renal failure and radiocontrast-induced ARF mimics renal failure in patients during use of radiocontrast media at the time of cardiac catheterization. Since each animal model has been created with specific methodology, therefore, it is essential to describe the model in detail and consequently interpret the results in the context of a specific model.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of different priming doses of fentanyl on fentanyl-induced cough: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.
Fentanyl-induced cough is not an uncommon phenomenon during the induction of general anesthesia. A preliminary randomized controlled study was designed to observe the effects of different priming doses of fentanyl on fentanyl-induced cough during induction of anesthesia. ⋯ In summary, a priming dose of fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg suppressed fentanyl-induced cough during induction of anesthesia in clinical practice. Fentanyl-induced cough was positively correlated with the dose of fentanyl.
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Target controlled infusion (TCI) devices are increasingly used in clinical practice. These devices unquestionably aid optimization of drug dosage. ⋯ One has to realize the limitation of this approach: these models may be less accurate when applied to patients in extreme clinical conditions: in intensive care units, with a considerable loss of blood, severe hypothermia or temporary changes in the composition of plasma, e.g., hypoalbuminemia. In the future, data obtained under these "extreme" clinical circumstances, may be used to modify the dosage algorithms of propofol TCI systems to match the clinical scenario.
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Paroxysmal sleep disorders in children are important from both pathophysiological and clinical point of view. Correct diagnosis is crucial for further management. The aim of the present study was to identify peripheral markers of paroxysmal sleep disorders in children, which could improve diagnostics of these disorders. We compared serum levels of several putative biomarkers of neurological disorders, such as S100B protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), orexin A, adiponectin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in pediatric patients suffering from sleep disturbances with those who additionally to parasomnia revealed also epilepsy. ⋯ Out of the five putative biomarkers measured, blood concentration of S100B and orexin A may be helpful in differentiating parasomnic pediatric patients with and without epilepsy.
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Clinical Trial
Effects of pantoprazole on dual antiplatelet therapy in stable angina pectoris patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.
Our aim was to prospectively assess the potential influence of pantoprazole therapy on the antiplatelet effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel (CLO) in stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). ⋯ Pantoprazole treatment does not impair the efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with SAP after PCI.