The Journal of surgical research
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Comparative Study
Effects of ischemic preconditioning protocols on skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is described as brief ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) cycles to induce tolerance to subsequent in response to longer I/R insults. Various IPC protocols can be performed in four combinations as follows: at early or late phases and on local or distant organs. Although many experimental studies have been performed on IPC, no consensus has been established on which IPC protocol is most effective. The aims of the present study were as follows: (1) to compare the variables of preconditioning in different combinations (in early versus late phases; local versus remote organ implementations) and (2) to determine the most therapeutic IPC protocol(s). ⋯ All IPC protocols were effective in reducing I/R injury. Among these protocols, e-RIPC achieved most protection.
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As the implementation of exclusive acute care surgery (ACS) services thrives, prognostication for mortality and morbidity will be important to complement clinical management of these diverse and complex patients. Our objective is to investigate prognostic risk factors from patient level characteristics and clinical presentation to predict outcomes including mortality, postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and prolonged duration of hospital stay. ⋯ Factors present at initial presentation can be used to predict morbidity and mortality in ACS patients.
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Currently, there is no in vitro or ex vivo model that can isolate circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Recently, we developed a four-dimensional (4D) lung cancer model that allows for the isolation of CTCs. We postulated that these cells have different properties than parental (2D) cells. ⋯ CTCs from the 4D model have different transcriptional, translational, and in vitro characteristics than the same cells grown on a petri dish, and these CTCs from the 4D model have the properties of CTCs that are responsible for metastasis.
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To determine if there is an effective alternative to the current standard of computed tomography (CT) grading of pediatric pancreatic injuries. We hypothesized that the Wong grading scale, which is based on the depth and location of the pancreatic laceration, is more predictive of pseudocyst formation than the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) scale after nonoperative management of traumatic pancreatic injury in children. ⋯ The Wong CT grading scale may be superior to the AAST scale for early risk stratification for pseudocyst development after nonoperative management of pediatric pancreatic trauma; however, a larger study is needed for verification of these findings.
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Spinous process deviation is a common variation in lumbar spine, and some authors suggest that spinous process deviation may lead to imbalance between muscles on either side of the spinous process. We assume that spinous process deviation may be correlated to the disc degeneration in lumbosacral segment; however, no studies have been published in this regard. ⋯ The deviation of spinous process does not correlate to the degeneration of intervertebral disc in lumbosacral segments.