The Journal of surgical research
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Although the use of cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasing in adult patients, the field lacks understanding of associated risk factors. While standard intensive care unit risk scores such as SAPS II (simplified acute physiology score II), SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment), and APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II), or disease-specific scores such as MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) and RIFLE (kidney risk, injury, failure, loss of function, ESRD) exist, they may not apply to adult cardiac ECMO patients as their risk factors differ from variables used in these scores. ⋯ Common intensive care unit or disease-specific risk scores calculated for cardiac ECMO patients did not correlate with ECMO survival, whereas a new simplified cardiac ECMO score provides survival predictability.
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Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most frequent complication of cardiac surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic prophylaxis is the main method of preventing POAF but needs to be targeted to patients at high risk of developing POAF. The CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system is a clinical guideline for assessing ischemic stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. The present study evaluated the utility of this scoring system in predicting the risk of developing de novo POAF in cardiac surgery patients. ⋯ The CHA2DS2-VASc algorithm is a simple risk-stratification tool that could be used to direct pharmacologic prophylaxis toward patients most likely to experience POAF.
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Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after major abdominal surgery are common and associated with significant morbidity and high cost of care. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for PPCs after major abdominal surgery. ⋯ PPCs after abdominal procedures are associated with a number of clinical variables. Esophageal operations and American Society of Anesthesiology Classification System were the strongest predictors. These results provide a framework for identifying patients at risk for developing pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery.
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Prevention of retained surgical items (RSIs) is the main objective of the World Health Organization "Guidelines for Safe Surgery" (WHO/GSS) 2008 to improve patient safety. ⋯ RSI rates have decreased overall after the introduction of the WHO/GSS. The largest reductions have occurred in public or nonteaching hospitals. Only private (nonprofit) hospitals reported increases in RSI since 2008. Higher rates of RSI are associated with fundoplications and other gastric procedures.
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Ingested foreign bodies are a frequent presentation in pediatric emergency departments. Although some pass spontaneously through the gastrointestinal tract, the majority of esophageal-ingested foreign bodies (EFB) require removal. ⋯ Most EFB occur in children <5 y of age. Esophageal ulceration, esophagoscopy, and bronchoscopy are associated with increased total charges. Esophageal ulceration, esophagoscopy, and boys are associated with an increased LOS. Surgery and hospital mortality are both extremely rare in children with EFB.