The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · May 1998
Comparative StudyNeonatal thymectomy: does it affect immune function?
The purpose of this study was to determine whether thymectomy in the newborn has a negative effect on immune function. ⋯ Thymectomy in neonates results in a modest but significant decrease in T-lymphocyte levels, but there is no compromise in immune function.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · May 1998
Comparative StudyDown-regulation of surface monocyte lipopolysaccharide-receptor CD14 in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing aorta-coronary bypass operation.
Major operative trauma like aorta-coronary bypass operation may lead to postoperative immunodisturbance, putting the patient at an increased risk for infection and sepsis. The monocyte/macrophage system and the endotoxin receptor CD14 are important in the early recognition and elimination of invading bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in membrane-associated CD14 and soluble CD14 during and after cardiac involving cardiopulmonary bypass. ⋯ Cardiopulmonary bypass leads to reduced membrane-associated CD14 expression on peripheral blood monocytes and increased levels of soluble CD14 through shedding or secretion of membrane-associated CD14 from the cell surface. These findings indicate that bypass is associated with significant monocyte activation.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · May 1998
Comparative StudyCardiopulmonary bypass is associated with early allograft dysfunction but not death after double-lung transplantation.
To assess the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on allograft function and recipient survival in double-lung transplantation. ⋯ In the absence of pulmonary hypertension, cardiopulmonary bypass is only occasionally necessary in double-lung transplantation. Bypass is associated with substantial early allograft dysfunction after transplantation.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · May 1998
Comparative StudyHemodilution and whole body oxygen balance during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs.
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum hematocrit value that can support whole body oxygen consumption during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. The effect of hemodilution on peripheral resistance, whole body oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption was determined over a range of hematocrit values. ⋯ A hematocrit level greater than 18% was needed to maintain systemic oxygen delivery and consumption during warm cardiopulmonary bypass. The critical hematocrit value may be higher under bypass than nonbypass conditions because the flow increases that are practical during cardiopulmonary bypass do not approximate those seen in response to hemodilution of the intact circulation. Finally, the critical hematocrit value for the body may be higher than that required for the brain during warm cardiopulmonary bypass.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · May 1998
Comparative StudyCan retrograde perfusion mitigate cerebral injury after particulate embolization? A study in a chronic porcine model.
We assessed the impact on histologic and behavioral outcome of an interval of retrograde cerebral perfusion after arterial embolization, comparing retrograde cerebral perfusion with and without inferior vena caval occlusion with continued antegrade perfusion. ⋯ Although effective washout of particulate emboli from the brain can be achieved with retrograde cerebral perfusion with inferior vena cava occlusion, no advantage of retrograde cerebral perfusion with inferior vena cava occlusion after embolization is seen from behavioral scores, electroencephalographic recovery, or histopathologic examination; retrograde cerebral perfusion with inferior vena cava occlusion results in greater fluid sequestration and mild histopathologic injury even in control animals. Retrograde cerebral perfusion with inferior vena cava occlusion shows clear promise in the management of embolization, but further refinements must be sought to address its still worrisome potential for harm.