Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2011
[Mental health of the world population: epidemiological aspects (the analysis of foreign research results for 2000-2010)].
Modern approaches to studying prevalence of a mental pathology and the results received during 2000-2010 are analyzed according to a condition of mental health of the population of separate regions and countries of the world. Information sources were databases of the WHO, a database of the United States National Library of Medicine "PubMed", archives of publications of leading foreign medical magazines in the field of mental health. The growth of prevalence and incidence of mental illnesses, especially depressive and anxiety disorders, with the corresponding increasing burden of mental disorders worldwide is observed. To obtain reliable results, modern schemes of epidemiological studies should be realized with the account of social-cultural level of the population, adaptation of diagnostic tools, qualitative preparation and training of the personnel and with the precise use of statistical criteria and requirements to the selection and analysis of research information.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2011
[The retrospective study of efficacy and safety of levetiracetam as an add-on treatment of epilepsy in children].
The objective was to retrospectively study the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (keppra) as an add-on treatment of pharmacoresistant forms of epilepsy in children. We have analyzed medical histories of 192 patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy admitted to a neurological department of the Research and Treatment Center of Children's Medical Care over the period of 2008-2011. The patient's age varied in the range from 6 months to 19 years (mean age 5.7 years). ⋯ Levetiracetam is well tolerated in the children age. Side-effects that were not life threatening were noted only in 6.2% of patients and the retention rate was 75.5%. The aggravation of seizures and EEG abnormalities, regardless of the epilepsy form, type of seizure, drug dose or the combination of anticonvulsants were seen in 5.7% of patients.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2011
[The effect of carotid endarterectomy on cognitive disturbances in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of carotid arteries].
Clinical and neuropsychological features of non-dementia cognitive disturbances were studied in 102 patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Cognitive disturbances were assessed after the carotid endarterectomy (CEAE). Mild cognitive impairment was found in 37 (36,3%) of patients, moderate cognitive impairment was diagnosed in 36 (35,3%)patients. ⋯ The data on the positive effect of CEAE on cognitive functions have been obtained. The positive changes were more distinct in patients with asymptomatic course of carotid stenosis. However CEAE may have a negative effect on cognitive functions in patients with moderate cognitive impairment of dysmnestic character and symptomatic carotid stenosis.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2011
[The state of nociceptive and antinociceptive brain systems in patients with the pain form of diabetic polyneuropathy].
We studied 48 patients with the pain form of distal symmetric sensorimotor diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) before and after polytherapy and 17 sex- and age-matched healthy people. Clinical/neurological, psychometric and neurophysiologic (recording of nociceptive flexor reflex (NFR) and exteroceptive suppression of involuntary muscle activity) methods were used. ⋯ The significant reduction of pain, increase of NFR thresholds and Pt/Rt coefficients were seen after the treatment with antidepressants (venlafaxine or pipofezine) in the combination with carbamazepine that suggests the strengthening of supraspinal and antinociceptive systems activity. Measuring of NFR parameters has a practical value for the assessment of the state of antinociceptive brain systems, intensity of pain syndrome, severity of comorbid anxiety-depression disorders and for the objectification of treatment efficacy in patients with DPN.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2011
[Effect of maladaptive sets on the clinical picture and prediction of chronic headache of tension].
Forty women with chronic headache of tension (CHAT) and 20 women of comparison group with episodic headache of tension (EHAT) were studied. The clinical study included neurological examination with assessment of headache characteristics; psychometric examination - measurement of maladaptive psychological sets with the Pain Sets and Perceptions Inventory (PBPI) and assessment of pain catastrophization using a special scale. ⋯ After 2-month treatment with katadolon (300 mg/day), clinical characteristics of pain were significantly better (p<0,05) while maladaptive sets and pain catastrophization remained unchanged. Maladaptive sets are rigid cognitive formations and their high level in patients with CHAT may lead to relapse of primary symptoms some time after the effective treatment.