The Journal of urology
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The Journal of urology · Jun 2007
Cranberry products inhibit adherence of p-fimbriated Escherichia coli to primary cultured bladder and vaginal epithelial cells.
Cranberry proanthocyanidins have been identified as possible inhibitors of Escherichia coli adherence to uroepithelial cells. However, little is known about the dose range of this effect. Furthermore, it has not been studied directly in the urogenital system. To address these issues we tested the effect of a cranberry powder and proanthocyanidin extract on adherence of a P-fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli isolate to 2 new urogenital model systems, namely primary cultured bladder epithelial cells and vaginal epithelial cells. ⋯ Cranberry products can inhibit E. coli adherence to biologically relevant model systems of primary cultured bladder and vaginal epithelial cells. This effect occurs in a dose dependent relationship. These findings provide further mechanistic evidence and biological plausibility for the role of cranberry products for preventing urinary tract infection.
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The Journal of urology · Jun 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialReduction of renal stone risk by potassium-magnesium citrate during 5 weeks of bed rest.
Exposure to the microgravity environment of space increases the risk of kidney stone formation, particularly for calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of potassium alkali as potassium-magnesium citrate in reducing renal stone risk and bone turnover. ⋯ Provision of alkali as potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective countermeasure for the increased risk of renal stone disease associated with immobilization. Despite an increase in urine calcium concentration, the relative saturation of calcium oxalate decreased due to citrate chelation of calcium and the concentration of undissociated uric acid decreased due to the significant increase in urine pH.
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The Journal of urology · Jun 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialEfficacy of botulinum toxin-A for treating idiopathic detrusor overactivity: results from a single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.
We evaluated the use of botulinum toxin-A in treating patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity refractory to anticholinergics. ⋯ Botulinum toxin-A at 200 U is safe and effective for idiopathic detrusor overactivity and the beneficial effects persist for at least 24 weeks.
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The Journal of urology · Jun 2007
Clinical TrialDetermining dosing intervals for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists based on serum testosterone levels: a prospective study.
Long acting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists are the predominant form of androgen suppression in the treatment of prostate cancer with the goal of maintaining castrate levels of testosterone. Current dosing of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists does not include monitoring the end organ response of serum testosterone. Recent evidence suggests standard dosing regimens fail to achieve castrate levels of testosterone in some patients while in other patients testosterone can remain at castrate levels longer than the manufacturer recommended dosing interval. We prospectively evaluated patients with prostate cancer receiving luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist hormonal therapy to determine the length of time that serum testosterone remains at or below castrate levels. ⋯ Testosterone based luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist therapy makes empirical sense. It represents continuous androgen ablation based on the patient physiological end point, namely testosterone. Early data suggest that using serum testosterone to guide luteinizing hormone releasing hormone dosing is safe, efficacious and cost-effective. By following end organ response, patients receive individualized care and more accurate androgen suppression therapy.
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The Journal of urology · Jun 2007
Autonomic nervous system changes in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
We investigated the role of the autonomic nervous system in the chronic pelvic pain syndrome by studying blood pressure changes, power spectral analysis of heart rate variability, and hand and foot sympathetic skin responses in men with the chronic pelvic pain syndrome and healthy controls. ⋯ The heart rate variability and blood pressure changes suggest altered autonomic nervous system responses in men with the chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Sympathetic skin response findings were not conclusive. Heart rate variability and blood pressure findings provide a basis for therapeutic manipulation of the autonomic nervous system for management of the chronic pelvic pain syndrome.