Orvosi hetilap
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The Helsinki Declaration was created and signed by the European Board of Anaesthesiology (EBA) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). It was initiated in June 2010, and it implies a European consensus on those medical practices which improve patient safety and provide higher quality perioperative care. Authors focus on four elements of this initiative, which can be easily implemented, and provide almost instant benefit: use of preoperative checklist, prevention of perioperative infections, goal-directed fluid therapy and perioperative nutrition. The literature review emphasizes that well organized perioperative care plays the most important role in improving patient safety.
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Lung and breast cancer can give meningeal metastases. Clinical manifestations of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis include all forms of defect of the central nervous system depending on the localization of carcinomatous foci. ⋯ Without treatment the prognosis is limited to only some weeks or months. In case the meningeal carcinomatosis is related to breast cancer, intrathecal methotrexate chemotherapy may allow a significant survival benefit and improve the quality of life in about half of the patients.