Pediatrics
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Practice Guideline Guideline
The hazards of child labor. Committee on Environmental Health, American Academy of Pediatrics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Lidocaine adrenaline tetracaine gel versus tetracaine adrenaline cocaine gel for topical anesthesia in linear scalp and facial lacerations in children aged 5 to 17 years.
The purpose of the present study is to compare LAT gel (4% lidocaine, 1:2000 adrenaline, 0.5% tetracaine) to TAC gel (0.5% tetracaine, 1:2000 adrenaline, 11.8% cocaine) for efficacy, side effects, and costs in children aged 5 to 17 years with facial or scalp lacerations. ⋯ LAT gel worked as well as TAC gel for topical anesthesia in facial and scalp lacerations. Considering the advantages of a noncontrolled substance and less expense, LAT gel appears to be better suited than TAC gel for topical anesthesia in laceration repair in children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Clinical trial of glucose-oral rehydration solution (ORS), rice dextrin-ORS, and rice flour-ORS for the management of children with acute diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration.
To assess the effects of glucose (G)-oral rehydration solution (ORS), rice dextrin (RD)-ORS, and rice flour (RF)-ORS on fluid intake, rapidity of rehydration, and stool output of children with acute diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration. ⋯ There was a 24% to 27% reduction in stool output during the first 6 hours of treatment among children who received RF-ORS compared with those who received G-ORS or RD-ORS, but this effect did not persist after the first 12 hours of therapy. Because this difference was of small magnitude and limited duration, it has minor clinical importance. Thus, we conclude that the three solutions had similar efficacy for children with acute, watery diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration.
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Abusive head trauma is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in physically abused infants. Effective prevention requires the identification of potential perpetrators. No study has specifically addressed the relationship of the perpetrators of abusive head trauma ("shaken baby syndrome") to their victims. The objectives of this study were to identify the abusers and their relationship to victims in these cases. ⋯ Our data suggest male caretakers are at greater risk to abuse infants. Baby-sitters are a concerning risk group, because they represent a significant proportion of abusers, and they more easily escape prosecution. In addition, no prevention efforts have been directed at baby-sitters. These statistics could help change the focus of efforts to prevent abusive head trauma.
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To evaluate the health outcomes of managed care Medicaid children with non-emergent conditions who were not authorized to be seen in the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) by their primary care provider. ⋯ Diverting Medicaid children classified as non-emergent in an ER to their MAC providers can be a safe practice short-term. However, denial of a PED visit has no impact on subsequent ER utilization by Medicaid participants and may be associated with higher hospitalization rate. Gatekeeping in this setting does not necessarily change the health care seeking behavior of these patients.