Pediatrics
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To explore the effect of physician training background on the emergency management of croup. ⋯ Compared with physicians with a pediatric background, rates of resource utilization were higher for EM-trained physicians who managed uncomplicated cases of croup.
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Multicenter Study
Inattention, hyperactivity, and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing.
Inattention and hyperactivity are frequent among children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and often improve when SDB is treated. However, the frequency of SDB symptoms among inattentive and hyperactive children has received little study. ⋯ Inattention and hyperactivity among general pediatric patients are associated with increased daytime sleepiness and---especially in young boys---snoring and other symptoms of SDB. If sleepiness and SDB do influence daytime behavior, the current results suggest a major public health impact.
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To examine diet quality of girls who do or do not take multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplements and to evaluate predictors of girls' MVM use, including maternal eating behaviors, MVM use, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions about child feeding, eating, and health. ⋯ Daughters' MVM supplement use was predicted by mothers' beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and practices regarding mothers' own eating and child feeding practices, rather than by daughters' diet quality. For both MVM users and nonusers, daughters' food group servings were below recommendations, whereas vitamin and mineral intakes exceeded recommendations, a pattern indicative of girls' relatively high intakes of fortified foods. Mothers should be encouraged to foster healthier patterns of food intake in daughters, rather than providing MVM supplements.
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Laying supine with the head in midline position improves cerebral venous return by preventing functional occlusion of the vessels of the neck. ⋯ This finding may be important in the first days of life, particularly in tiny preterm infants recovering from lung disease with improving lung compliance, in which functional obstruction of cerebral venous drainage should be avoided.
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Pediatric cardiovascular centers should aim to provide high-quality therapeutic outcomes for infants and children with congenital and acquired heart diseases. This policy statement describes critical elements and organizational features of centers in which high-quality outcomes have the greatest likelihood of occurring. Center elements include noninvasive diagnostic modalities, cardiac catheterization, cardiovascular surgery, and cardiovascular intensive care. These elements should be organizationally united in centers in which pediatric cardiac physician specialists and specialized pediatric staff work together to achieve and surpass existing quality-of-care benchmarks.