Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Substantial reduction in severe diarrheal morbidity by daily zinc supplementation in young north Indian children.
To evaluate the impact of 4 months of daily zinc supplementation on the incidence of severe and recurrent diarrhea in children 6 to 30 months of age. ⋯ Zinc supplementation substantially reduced the incidence of severe and prolonged diarrhea, the 2 important determinants of diarrhea-related mortality and malnutrition. This intervention also substantially reduced the proportion of children who experienced recurrent diarrhea. Prompt measures to improve zinc status of deficient populations are warranted. The potential approaches to achieve this goal include food fortification, dietary diversification, cultivation of plants that are zinc dense or have a decreased concentration of zinc absorption inhibitors, and supplementation of selected groups of children. Future studies should assess the impact of increased zinc intakes on childhood mortality in developing countries. For facilitating intervention, there is a need to obtain reliable estimates of zinc deficiency, particularly in developing countries. The functional consequences of the effect of various doses of zinc on plasma copper levels merits additional study.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of ELA-Max (4% liposomal lidocaine) as compared with eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream for pain reduction of venipuncture in children.
A double-randomized, blinded crossover trial was performed to assess the efficacy of ELA-Max (4% liposomal lidocaine) as compared with eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) for pain relief during pediatric venipuncture procedures. Safety was assessed by evaluation for topical or systemic effects and measurement of serum lidocaine concentrations. ⋯ This study demonstrates that a 30-minute application of ELA-Max without occlusion is as safe and as effective for ameliorating pain associated with venipuncture as a 60-minute application of the prescription product EMLA requiring occlusion.