Pediatr Crit Care Me
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Mar 2016
Observational StudyEffectiveness of Pharmacological Therapies for Intracranial Hypertension in Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury-Results From an Automated Data Collection System Time-Synched to Drug Administration.
To describe acute cerebral hemodynamic effects of medications commonly used to treat intracranial hypertension in children with traumatic brain injury. Currently, data supporting the efficacy of these medications are insufficient. ⋯ Intracranial pressure decreased after multiple drug administrations, but hypertonic saline may warrant consideration as the first-line drug for treating intracranial hypertension, as it was associated with the most favorable cerebral hemodynamics and fastest resolution of intracranial hypertension.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Mar 2016
Review Practice GuidelinePediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society 2014 Consensus Statement: Pharmacotherapies in Cardiac Critical Care Antiarrhythmics.
Arrhythmias are a common occurrence in critically ill pediatric patients. Pharmacotherapy is a usual modality for treatment and prevention of arrhythmias in this patient population. This review will highlight particular arrhythmias in the pediatric critical care population and discuss salient points of pharmacotherapy of these arrhythmias. The mechanisms of action for the various agents, potential adverse events, place in therapy, and evidence for their use will be summarized. ⋯ Specialized knowledge as to the safe and effective use of the antiarrhythmic pharmacotherapy in the intensive care setting can lead to safe and effective rhythm management in patients with complex heart disease.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Mar 2016
Review Practice GuidelinePediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society 2014 Consensus Statement: Pharmacotherapies in Cardiac Critical Care: Sedation, Analgesia and Muscle Relaxant.
This article reviews pharmacotherapies currently available to manage sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade for pediatric cardiac critical patients. ⋯ In the cardiac ICU, management of the cardiac patient requires an individualized sedative and analgesic strategy that maintains hemodynamic stability. Multiple pharmacological therapies exist to achieve these goals and should be selected based on the patient's underlying physiology, hemodynamic vulnerabilities, desired level of sedation and analgesia, and the projected short- or long-term recovery trajectory.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Mar 2016
Retracted PublicationPreferential Protection of Cerebral Autoregulation and Reduction of Hippocampal Necrosis With Norepinephrine After Traumatic Brain Injury in Female Piglets.
Traumatic brain injury contributes to morbidity in children and boys is disproportionately represented. Cerebral autoregulation is impaired after traumatic brain injury, contributing to poor outcome. Cerebral perfusion pressure is often normalized by the use of vasopressors to increase mean arterial pressure. In prior studies, we observed that phenylephrine prevented impairment of autoregulation in female but exacerbated in male piglets after fluid percussion injury. In contrast, dopamine prevented impairment of autoregulation in both sexes after fluid percussion injury, suggesting that pressor choice impacts outcome. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase isoform of mitogen-activated protein kinase produces hemodynamic impairment after fluid percussion injury, but the role of the cytokine interleukin-6 is unknown. We investigated whether norepinephrine sex-dependently protects autoregulation and limits histopathology after fluid percussion injury and the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and interleukin-6 in that outcome. ⋯ Norepinephrine protects autoregulation and limits hippocampal neuronal cell necrosis via modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase and interleukin-6 after fluid percussion injury in a sex-dependent manner.