Turkish J Pediatr
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Review Case Reports
A case of craniopagus parasiticus: an antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound screening at 16 weeks of gestation and a literature review of recently reported cases.
Al Yaqoubi HN, Fatema N, Al Fahdi BS. A case of craniopagus parasiticus: an antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound screening at 16 weeks of gestation and a literature review of recently reported cases. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 941-945. ⋯ To the best of our knowledge, the case that we present is the first CP case that was diagnosed at such an early gestational age. The formed fetus was found to harbour complex cardiac anomalies. In view of poor prognosis of survival after delivery and upon permission from the couple, the pregnancy was terminated at 17 weeks of gestation.
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Yuan SM. Congenital heart defects in Williams syndrome. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 225-232. ⋯ The atypical cardiovascular anomalies include tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defects, aortic and mitral valvular insufficiencies, bicuspid aortic valves, ventricular septal defects, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, double chambered right ventricle, Ebstein anomaly and arterial anomalies. Deletion of the elastin gene on chromosome 7q11.23 leads to deficiency or abnormal deposition of elastin during cardiovascular development, thereby leading to widespread cardiovascular abnormalities in WS. In this article, the distribution, treatment and surgical outcomes of typical and atypical cardiac defects in WS are discussed.
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Review Case Reports
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to pulse methylprednisolone therapy in a child.
Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a recently described disorder with typical radiological findings of bilateral grey and white matter abnormalities in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemispheres. It has been described in children in association with some medications, renal disease, autoimmune disease, transplantation, and sepsis. In this report, we discuss an eight-year-old boy with PRES during pulse methylprednisolone therapy. In conclusion, PRES is a neurological complication of pulse methylprednisolone therapy, which responds favorably to prompt therapy withdrawal and blood pressure control.
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Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common physiologic phenomenon in preterm infants. Many infants remain asymptomatic, and the diagnosis of GER is difficult since clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific. Diagnosis can also be difficult due to technical limitations. ⋯ Thickening of feeds may be harmful in preterm infants. Frequent small-amount or continuous-drip feeding, short-term trial of hypoallergenic formula and probiotics are among the proposed treatments. Infants with severe symptoms and those who do not respond to the conservative and medical treatment need further diagnostic evaluation and very rarely a Nissen fundoplication.
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Review Case Reports
Takayasu arteritis in a 4-year-old girl: case report and brief overview of the pediatric literature.
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel vasculitis that involves the aorta, its major branches and pulmonary arteries. Diagnosis of TA during childhood remains challenging due to the non-specific symptoms. We report a four-year-old girl presenting with fever, fatigue, weight loss, and elbow pain who was later diagnosed as childhood TA. ⋯ Computed tomography angiography showed luminal narrowing and wall thickening in ascending aorta, brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left vertebral arteries and descending aorta. Oral corticosteroid (prednisone, 2 mg/kg/day) was instituted, later followed by oral methotrexate (12.5 mg/m2/week). TA is rare in children; however, childhood TA must be considered in children who present with non-specific systemic symptoms, hypertension and increased acute phase reactants.