The Medical journal of Australia
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Vitamin D is made in the skin when exposed to sunlight, so deficiency is usually the result of low sunlight exposure (eg, in frail older people and in individuals who are veiled). Calcium and/or vitamin D supplements have been used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The major trials in community-dwelling individuals have not demonstrated fracture prevention with either calcium, vitamin D, or their combination, but the results of a large study in vitamin D-deficient nursing home residents indicated a reduced fracture incidence. ⋯ Calcium supplements cause constipation, bloating and kidney stones, and some evidence suggests they may cause a small increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. Low dose vitamin D is safe, but high doses result in more falls and fractures. Current evidence does not support the use of these supplements in healthy community-dwelling adults.
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Review Meta Analysis
Residual risk of infection with blood-borne viruses in potential organ donors at increased risk of infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among people at increased risk of infection in Australia; to estimate the residual risk of infection among potential solid organ donors in these groups when their antibody and nucleic acid test results are negative. ⋯ International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42017069820.
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Review Meta Analysis
Residual risk of infection with blood-borne viruses in potential organ donors at increased risk of infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among people at increased risk of infection in Australia; to estimate the residual risk of infection among potential solid organ donors in these groups when their antibody and nucleic acid test results are negative. ⋯ International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42017069820.