Ann Acad Med Singap
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Jan 1998
ReviewThe appropriate use of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing in rheumatic diseases.
The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) test is now available in most routine diagnostic immunology laboratories. Improvement, simplification and standardisation of the testing methodology have enabled it to become more reliable and accessible to clinicians. ANCA has strong association with and is most useful in the diagnosis and management of the ANCA-associated vasculitides which include Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyarteritis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and primary pauci-immune necrotising and crescentic glomerulonephritis. ⋯ The antigen-specific solid-phase assays have comparable sensitivity with IIF assays and improved specificity in some instances. However, appropriate use of the ANCA test requires full knowledge of its capabilities and limitations, and the results should always be correlated with clinical data. In particular, it is important to understand that it is not only test sensitivity and specificity, but patient selection that contributes to the positive predictive value and clinical relevance of the test result.