Ann Acad Med Singap
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Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem with no simple solution. This review highlights factors that are known to increase the risk of PONV. It examines the various data on pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods that have been used to prevent PONV. ⋯ Patient, surgical and anaesthetic factors increase the risk of PONV. While patient and surgical factors are understandably difficult to control, a multimodal approach involving both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions has been successfully adopted to reduce the incidence of PONV. Various factors have been identified to categorise patients into different profiles to determine their risk of PONV. Perioperative strategies can then be targeted at these patient groups.
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Ann Acad Med Singap · Mar 2005
ReviewMesenchymal stem cells in musculoskeletal tissue engineering: a review of recent advances in National University of Singapore.
A key factor in the tissue engineering approach to tissue repair and regeneration is the use of appropriate cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from bone marrow stroma or connective tissues and they have the potential to differentiate into various mesenchymal cell lines in vitro and in vivo. ⋯ This review is based mainly on the work which has been done in the National University of Singapore on the use of MSCs for engineering cartilage, growth plate, bone and tendon/ligament as well as the clinical trail of autologous chondrocyte implantation. It can help to shape future research on musculoskeletal tissue engineering.