Bmc Med
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Review Meta Analysis
Risk factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness identified from 290 cross-country observational studies until February 2022: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Observational studies made it possible to assess the impact of risk factors on the long-term effectiveness of mRNA and adenoviral vector (AdV) vaccines against COVID-19. ⋯ Full vaccination provided an early high, yet waning level of protection against COVID-19 of any severity with a strong impact on the high-risk population. Moreover, the potential risk of new antigenically distinct variants should not be underestimated, and any future immunization strategy should include variant-updated vaccines.
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Meta Analysis
Identifying and ranking causal biochemical biomarkers for breast cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study.
Only a few of the 34 biochemical biomarkers measured in the UK Biobank (UKB) have been associated with breast cancer, with many associations suffering from possible confounding and reverse causation. This study aimed to screen and rank all UKB biochemical biomarkers for possible causal relationships with breast cancer. ⋯ Our findings support a likely causal role of genetically predicted levels of testosterone, HDL cholesterol, and IGF-1, as well as a novel potential role of ALP in breast cancer aetiology. Further studies are needed to understand full disease pathways that may inform breast cancer prevention.
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Meta Analysis
Risk for newly diagnosed diabetes after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
There is growing evidence that patients recovering after a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may have a variety of acute sequelae including newly diagnosed diabetes. However, the risk of diabetes in the post-acute phase is unclear. To solve this question, we aimed to determine if there was any association between status post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and a new diagnosis of diabetes. ⋯ After COVID-19, patients of all ages and genders had an elevated incidence and relative risk for a new diagnosis of diabetes. Particular attention should be paid during the first 3 months of follow-up after COVID-19 for new-onset diabetes.
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Meta Analysis
Association between gut microbiota and preeclampsia-eclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Several recent observational studies have reported that gut microbiota composition is associated with preeclampsia. However, the causal effect of gut microbiota on preeclampsia-eclampsia is unknown. ⋯ This two-sample Mendelian randomization study found that Bifidobacterium was causally associated with preeclampsia-eclampsia. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the protective effect of probiotics on preeclampsia-eclampsia and their specific protective mechanisms.
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Tuberculosis remains a major public health priority and is the second leading cause of mortality from infectious disease worldwide. TB case detection rates are unacceptably low for men, the elderly and children. Disruptions in TB services due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated these and other inequalities. ⋯ There is no evidence at an aggregate global level of any difference by age or sex in the risk of disruption to TB diagnosis as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in many countries, disruptions in TB services have been greater for some groups than others. It is important to recognise these context-specific inequalities when prioritising key populations for catch-up campaigns.