Bmc Med
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effectiveness of reduction in alcohol consumption achieved by the provision of non-alcoholic beverages associates with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is commonly used in clinical settings to assess the severity of alcohol-related problems, with the effectiveness of alcohol reduction interventions varying across this spectrum. In a recent study, we demonstrated that a 12-week intervention involving the provision of free non-alcoholic beverages reduced alcohol consumption among heavy drinkers for up to 8 weeks post-intervention. However, it remains unclear whether this effect was consistent across different AUDIT score ranges. Therefore, this secondary analysis aimed to examine whether the severity of alcohol-related problems, as indicated by AUDIT scores, influences the effectiveness of non-alcoholic beverage provision in reducing alcohol consumption. ⋯ These findings suggest that individuals with higher AUDIT scores may experience a reduced benefit from a 12-week non-alcoholic beverage intervention in terms of alcohol consumption reduction. Nevertheless, this intervention appears to be a safe and effective strategy for reducing alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers who do not have alcohol dependence.
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Accelerated biological aging has been verified to be a critical risk factor for a number of age-related diseases, but its role in dementia remained unclear. Whether it modified the effects of genetic factors was also unknown. This study evaluated the associations between accelerated biological aging and dementia and the moderating role of accelerated biological aging in the genetic susceptibility to the disease. ⋯ Accelerated biological aging could bring the extra risk of dementia but attenuate the effects of genetic risk on dementia. These findings provide insights for precise prevention and intervention of dementia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric assessment adapted to primary care when provided by a nurse or a general practitioner: the CEpiA cluster-randomised trial.
The benefits of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) are well established for hospital care but less so for primary care. Our primary objective was to assess the effect of two multifaceted interventions based on a CGA adapted for primary care on a composite criterion combining all-cause mortality, emergency department visits, unplanned hospital admissions, and institutionalisation. ⋯ Our study led in community-dwelling older patients with chronic conditions found no significant effect of a CGA adapted for primary care on mortality, functional independence and quality of life, but suggests that a GP-led CGA may reduce the risk of unplanned hospital admission. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating CGA into clinical practice and highlights its potential benefits when applied on a case-by-case basis, guided by the GPs who develop the resulting PCP.
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Previous studies only considered the impact of a single physical or psychological disorder on dementia. Our study investigated the association of physical and psychological multimorbidity with dementia among older adults using two multinational prospective cohorts to supplement the limited joint evidence. ⋯ Physical and psychological multimorbidity was prevalent among older adults in the US and continental Europe. Given the consistent associations with dementia, it is imperative to increase awareness of the links and recognize the limitations of single-disorder care. Specific attention should be given to providing care coordination.
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Meta Analysis
Metformin use and preeclampsia risk in women with diabetes: a two-country cohort analysis.
Metformin is a hypoglycaemic medication that has been proposed to treat or prevent preeclampsia. Combining national birth data from Scotland and Sweden, we investigated whether metformin used during pregnancy was associated with an altered risk of developing a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. ⋯ In this two-country analysis, metformin use in pregnancy among women with diabetes was not associated with an altered risk of developing any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. In the combined meta-analysis, metformin was not associated with an altered risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.