Bratisl Med J
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To explain the bio-physiological mechanisms of the antidiabetic effect of betulinic acid in Lotus rhizome. ⋯ The triterpenoid, Betulinic acid exerts its antidiabetic effect via seven bio-physiological mechanisms including, inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase, upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 α, enhancing AS160 protein phosphorylation, stimulating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation, stimulating Glucose transporter type 4 synthesis and translocation, inhibiting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1 B activity preventing dephosphorylation of insulin receptor and stimulating Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5 resulting in an increased release of insulin from insulin-containing granulesCONCLUSION: The available scientific knowledge explains that betulinic acid in Lotus rhizome can improve glucose homeostasis contributing to the antidiabetic effect of this root (Tab. 1, Fig. 6, Ref. 29).
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Recently, older people's cardiovascular systems have been affected by aging-related changes. An electrocardiogram (ECG) provides information about cardiac health. Analyzing ECG signals can help doctors and researchers diagnose many deaths. Besides direct ECG analysis, some measurements can be extracted from the ECG signals, and one of the most important measurements is heart rate variability (HRV). Research and clinical domains can benefit from HRV measurement and analysis as a potential noninvasive tool for assessing autonomic nervous system activity. The HRV describes the variation between an ECG signal's RR intervals over time and the change in that interval over time. An individual's heart rate (HR) is a non-stationary signal, and its variation can indicate a medical condition or impending cardiac disease. Many factors, such as stress, gender, disease, and age, influence HRV. ⋯ According to the result of this study, heart rate changes can be reduced by aging, and ignoring this issue could lead to cardiovascular disease in the future (Tab. 3, Fig. 7, Ref. 55).
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The aim of this study was to investigate bleeding risk in patients treated with VKAs after ground-level falls, considering the type and severity of bleeding. ⋯ Our results show that occurrence of falls in AF patients treated with VKAs have no significant impact on the incidence of severe bleeding and 5-year mortality and that spontaneous bleeding was associated with a significantly higher risk of severe bleeding compared to bleeding after falling (Tab. 4, Ref. 30).
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The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation, a complex pathophysiology and a wide range of laboratory findings, depending on disease severity. ⋯ The presented data provide a relationship between increased inflammatory laboratory markers, low vitamin D levels and disease severity in COVID-19 patients (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 32).
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Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. There is a significant overdiagnosis of thyroid carcinomas that would never clinically manifest, with consequent unnecessary surgical treatment. The fine-needle biopsy and subsequent cytologic examination is of crucial importance in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. On the other hand, a significant portion of the results are indeterminate. ⋯ Stratification of thyroid lesions with uncertain results of fine-needle cytology using genetic markers can help to deliver more tailored medical treatment (Tab. 6, Ref. 19).