Clin Med
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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious infectious disease continuing to cause around 1.8 million deaths annually. The great paradox is that despite the availability of effective treatment for the past 60 years, it continues to spread relentlessly, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa due to the fuelling effect of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It is no longer a medical epidemic, but an epidemic of injustice. ⋯ It is imperative that the control should be linked to that of HIV which is also closely associated with poverty, poor housing and malnutrition. The historical, social, philosophical and political perspectives that may have influenced the failure of TB control are discussed. Once again, therefore, the question is raised--can TB be brought under control?
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The earliest sign of DN is the development of microalbuminuria which is associated with a significant risk of both progressive renal failure and premature death from cardiovascular disease. Optimal glycaemic and BP control, including the use of RAAS blocking drugs, can prevent, slow and even reverse the processes causing DN.