Cochrane Db Syst Rev
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2009
ReviewInterventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation.
Most people who stop smoking gain weight, on average about 7 kg in the long term. There are some interventions that have been specifically designed to tackle smoking cessation whilst also limiting weight gain. Many smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and other interventions may also limit weight gain. ⋯ Behavioural interventions of general advice only are not effective and may reduce abstinence. Individualized interventions, very low calorie diets, and CBT may be effective and not reduce abstinence. Exercise interventions are not associated with reduced weight gain at end of treatment, but may be associated with worthwhile reductions in weight gain in the long term, Bupropion, fluoxetine, nicotine replacement therapy, and probably varenicline all reduced weight gain while being used. Although this effect was not maintained one year after quitting for bupropion, fluoxetine, and nicotine replacement, the evidence is insufficient to exclude a modest long-term effect. The data are not sufficient to make strong clinical recommendations for effective programmes.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2009
ReviewProtein-containing synthetic surfactant versus protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. RDS is caused by a deficiency, dysfunction, or inactivation of pulmonary surfactant. Numerous surfactants of either animal extract or synthetic design have been shown to improve outcomes. New surfactant preparations that include peptides or whole proteins that mimic endogenous surfactant protein have recently been developed and tested. ⋯ In the one trial comparing protein containing synthetic surfactants compared to protein free synthetic surfactant for the prevention of RDS, no statistically different clinical differences in death and chronic lung disease were noted. Clinical outcomes between the two groups were generally similar although the group receiving protein containing synthetic surfactants did have decreased incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. Further well designed studies comparing protein containing synthetic surfactant to the more widely used animal derived surfactant extracts are indicated.
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This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess whether induction of labour starting in the evening, coinciding with the endogenous circadian rhythm, improves the outcome of labour compared to induction of labour starting in the early morning, organised to coincide with office hours.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2009
Parent training interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine whether parent-training interventions are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms and associated problems (e.g. disruptive behaviour disorders or child-specific impairments such as learning difficulties) in children and young people aged 5-18 with ADHD, compared to controls with no parent-training interventions.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2009
Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending.
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions on target sexual behaviour for people who have been convicted or at risk of sexual offending.