Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) has a long tradition in ophthalmic surgery and has become very popular recently because of newly developed methods of tissue preservation. ⋯ AMT is an established technique in the treatment of various diseases of the external eye. In the last few years, AMT has brought about major advances in the reconstructive surgery of the ocular surface.
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Psychiatric emergencies such as acute psychomotor agitation or suicidality often arise in non-psychiatric settings such as general hospitals, emergency services, or doctors' offices and give rise to stress for all persons involved. They may be life-threatening and must therefore be treated at once. In this article, we discuss the main presenting features, differential diagnoses, and treatment options for the main types of psychiatric emergency, as an aid to their rapid and effective management. ⋯ The frequency of psychiatric emergencies in non-psychiatric settings, such as general hospitals and doctors' offices, and their treatment are poorly documented by the few controlled studies and sparse reliable data that are now available. The existing evidence suggests that the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric emergencies need improvement. The treatment of such cases places high demands on the physician's personality and conduct, aside from requiring relevant medical expertise. Essential components of successful treatment include the establishment of a stable, trusting relationship with the patient and the ability to "talk down" agitated patients calmly and patiently. A rapid and unambiguous decision about treatment, including consideration of the available options for effective pharmacotherapy, usually swiftly improves the acute manifestations.
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Comment Letter
Correspondence (letter to the editor): Lack of resources.