Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Yoga in Women With Abdominal Obesityߞa Randomized Controlled Trial.
Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga on waist circumference and other anthropometric and self-reported variables in women with abdominal obesity. ⋯ The 12-week yoga intervention had moderately strong positive effects on anthropometric and self-reported variables in women with abdominal obesity. Yoga is safe in this population and can be recommended as a technique for combating abdominal obesity in women.
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Falls and fall-related injuries are common in community-dwelling elderly people. Effective multifactorial fall prevention programs in the primary care setting may be a promising approach to reduce the incidence rate of falls. ⋯ A complex falls prevention program in a primary care setting was effective in reducing falls and fall-related injuries in community dwelling older adults at risk.
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Music therapy has been used successfully for over 30 years as part of palliative care programs for severely ill patients. There is nonetheless a lack of high-quality studies that would enable an evidence-based evaluation of its psychological and physiological effects. ⋯ Music therapy is an effective treatment with a low dropout rate for the promotion of relaxation and well-being in terminally ill persons undergoing palliative care.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Trans-Sector Integrated Treatment in Psychosis and Addiction.
Patients with psychosis often develop comorbid addiction, with a lifetime prevalence of ca. 50%. Dual diagnoses are considered hard to treat. Long-term integrated treatment programs might improve such patients' outcomes, at least to a moderate extent, but they have not yet been adequately studied or implemented in Germany to date. ⋯ Low-threshold, motivational, integrated treatment programs with psycho-educative and behavioral therapeutic elements may be helpful in the treatment of dual diagnosis patients and should be more extensively implemented as part of standard hospital treatment. Larger-scale, methodologically more complex studies will be needed to identify subgroups of patients that respond to such treatments in different ways.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Shared Decision Making and the Use of Decision Aids.
In shared decision making (SDM), the patient and the physician reach decisions in partnership. We conducted a trial of SDM training for physicians who treat patients with cancer. ⋯ When physicians treating cancer patients improve their competence in SDM by appropriate training, their patients may suffer less anxiety and depression. These effects merit further study.