Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Despite the use of modern drug-eluting stents (DES), in-stent restenosis (ISR) may still occur in as many as 2-10% of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in certain lesion/patient subsets. ISR causes increased morbidity after stent implantation; acute myocardial infarction is a frequent correlate to a clinical ISR, arising in 5-10% of cases. Compared to de novo stenosis, patients with ISR also present more frequently with symptoms of unstable angina pectoris (45% versus 61%). In this article, we discuss the risk factors for ISR and the corresponding diagnostic measures and effective treatment strategies. ⋯ Because the pathogenesis of ISR is multifactorial, differentiated risk stratification is necessary. The identification of patient-, stent-, and lesion-related predictors is particularly important, as the most effective way to combat ISR is to prevent it.
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Physicians from many different specialties see patients suffering from acute pulmonary embolism (PE), which has an incidence of 39-115 cases per 100 000 persons per year. Because PE can be life-threatening, a rapid, targeted response is essential. ⋯ Newly introduced diagnostic aids and algorithms simplify the diagnosis and treatment of acute PE while continuing to assure a high degree of patient safety.
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Metatarsal fractures are among the most common foot and ankle injuries, with an annual incidence of 6.7 per 100 000 persons. Approximately 30% of metatarsal fractures affect the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. Nevertheless, no evidence-based treatment recommendations are available to date. ⋯ Fractures in zones I and II should be treated with early functional therapy. There seems to be no reason to consider zone I and II fractures as two separate entities, as the outcomes in the two groups are similar. In contrast, fractures in zone III should primarily be treated surgically.
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Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing, carbapenemase-producing, and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESBL-E, CPE, and Col-E) are multiresistant pathogens that are increasingly being encountered in both human and veterinary medicine. In this review, we discuss the frequency, sources, and significance of the zoonotic transmission of these pathogens between animals and human beings. ⋯ Livestock farming and animal contact affect human colonization with the multiresistant Gram-negative pathogens CPE, ESBL-E and Col-E to differing extents. Improved prevention will require the joint efforts of human and veterinary medicine.
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Review
Extravasation Injuries of the Limbs in Neonates and Children-Development of a Treatment Algorithm.
Children and neonates very often receive intravenous therapy. There is a lack of systematic data on the incidence of extravasation injuries in children and neonates. Individual studies involving neonates receiving intravenous therapy on intensive care units report incidence rates of 18-46%. Serious complications, such as necrosis and ulceration, develop in 2.4-4% of cases, which in the long term can lead to contractures, deformities, and loss of limb function secondary to unfavorable scar formation. There are no guidelines available to date on the management of pediatric extravasation injuries. ⋯ Without evidence for the superiority of any particular treatment, therapy remains an individual decision, carrying the risks associated with off-label use.