Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Chronic recurrent oral aphthous ulcers are the most common type of inflammatory efflorescence of the oral mucosa, with a prevalence of 2% to 10% in Caucasian populations. To treat them properly, physicians should know their clinical appearance and course, conditioning factors, underlying causes, and differential diagnosis. ⋯ The treatment of chronic recurrent oral aphthous ulcers is symptomatic, mainly with topically applied agents. It is tailored to the severity of the problem in the individual case, i.e., the frequency of ulcers, the intensity of pain, and the responsiveness of the lesions to treatment. Effective treatment relieves pain, lessens functional impairment, and lowers the frequency and severity of recurrences.
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The increasing implantation rates of total hip and knee prostheses have been accompanied by a corresponding rise in periprosthetic fractures (PPF), most often affecting the femur. ⋯ The treatment of periprosthetic fractures requires competence, not just in osteosynthetic techniques, but also in endoprosthesis implantation and revision. Careful preoperative planning to select the proper treatment is essential, and the necessary equipment must be on hand.
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Infants, toddlers, and children of primary-school age without any special risk factors generally have three to ten febrile respiratory infections per year. Most such infections are of viral origin and self-limiting, but viral infection is often hard to distinguish from bacterial infection. The use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viruses in respiratory secretions is potentially beneficial, as it might help physicians avoid giving antibiotics unnecessarily. ⋯ The detectability of viral nucleic acids is an important contribution to the diagnostic assessment of children with severe respiratory infection. For these highly sensitive diagnostic tests to be used optimally, primary viral infections must be distinguished from bacterial superinfections.
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Urinalysis is the most commonly performed biochemical test in infancy and early childhood. The urine sample should be correctly obtained, age-specific aspects should be considered, and age-dependent reference values should be used. ⋯ Urinalysis in infancy and early childhood is a simple and informative diagnostic test as long as the urine sample has been obtained properly and the results are interpreted appropriately for this age group.
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Review Meta Analysis
The efficacy and duration of vaccine protection against human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommends vaccination against human papillomaviruses (HPV) of the high-risk types 16 and 18. The duration of protection afforded by HPV vaccines has been reported in multiple studies to date but has not been systematically evaluated. ⋯ Long-term observation does not indicate any loss of antiviral protection after vaccination against HPV 16 and 18, although the evidence for long-term protection is of lesser quality than that for short-term protection.