Int J Med Sci
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The development of endocrine therapy resistance in the luminal A subtype of breast cancer is related to the appearance of protective autophagy. The bioactive component from the root of licorice, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), has many antitumor properties. Whether 18β-GA can modulate autophagy to inhibit proliferation of the luminal A subtype is still unclear. ⋯ A JNK inhibitor (SP600125) significantly inhibited 18β-GA-mediated apoptosis, LC3-II accumulation and rescued the numbers of MCF-7 and T-47D colony formation. Especially, 18β-GA can inhibit xenograft tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice. These data indicate the combination of 18β-GA with rapamycin or 3-MA can sensitize or decrease MCF-7 and T-47D cells to 18β-GA-induced apoptosis, respectively. 18β-GA modulated autophagy is cytotoxic to luminal A subtype breast cancer cells through apoptosis promotion and JNK activation.
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Ischemia-induced pathological neovascularization in the retina is a leading cause of blindness in various age groups. The purpose of the current study was to identify the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and predict their potential roles in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mice. Methylation assessment via microarray analysis indicated that 88 circRNAs were differentially modified by m6A methylation, including 56 hyper-methylated circRNAs and 32 hypo-methylated circRNAs. ⋯ According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, those host genes were involved in the pathways of selenocompound metabolism, salivary secretion, and lysine degradation. MeRIP-qPCR verified significant alterations in m6A methylation levels of mmu_circRNA_33363, mmu_circRNA_002816, and mmu_circRNA_009692. In conclusion, the study revealed the m6A modification alterations in OIR retinas, and the findings above shed light on the potential roles of m6A methylation in circRNA regulatory functions in the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced pathological retinal neovascularization.
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Introduction: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is common after liver surgery, particularly in patients of older age. However, an understanding of the mechanism of injury remains incomplete. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic I/R injury and associations with age in a murine model. ⋯ Before and after hepatic I/R injury, mmu-miR-9-5p, mmu-miR-329-3p, and mmu-miR-290a-5p showed significant differential expression both in young (1 month old) and old (1 year old) mice. miR-329-3p had the most significant differential expression, and its predicted target genes Adamts4 and Dnajb1 were also significantly upregulated. Conclusions: The decrease in miR-329-3p expression upregulated Adamts4 and Dnajb1 expression in mouse hepatic I/R injury in an age-independent manner. This finding contributes to our understanding of hepatic I/R injury, and highlights novel molecular targets for future therapeutic development.
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Although numerous studies highlight the health benefits of tea, excessive consumption has been linked to toxic conditions. Thus, understanding the optimal consumption of tea is essential to minimize toxicity while maximizing its benefits. In this study, we investigated the effects of eight green tea samples (G1-G8) and eight black tea samples (R1-R8) from Camellia sinensis, the most popular teas in Asian culture, on RSC96 Schwann neural cells and embryonic cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells. ⋯ DSS treatment in the control group led to shortened colorectal lengths in mice, while tea co-treatment partially prevented this loss. Histological analysis revealed that G7 and R3 (with a moderate polyphenol content) treatment improved colorectal crypt structure, decreased the severity of inflammatory ulcerative colitis, and significantly reduced histological scores compared to the control group. However, G3 and R8 (with high and low doses of polyphenol content, respectively) did not show these effects, suggesting that a moderate polyphenol level in both tea types is optimal for preventative benefits.
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Herbal galactagogues have been widely used as a treatment for postpartum hypogalactia due to the potential side effects associated with pharmacological therapy. Tri-Than-Thip (Tri-TT) is a Thai herbal medicine remedy that contains three main components: Cassia fistula, Pithecellobium dulce, and Ficus benjamina. These components are believed to have properties that contribute to milk production. ⋯ Furthermore, both the Tri-TT and Domperidone-treated groups exhibited a larger alveolar diameter of the mammary gland in comparison to the control group. In summary, these findings provide supportive evidence for the galactagogue activity of Tri-TT. The observed enhancement in milk production may be associated with Tri-TT could potentially be attributed to its ability to widen the alveolar diameter of the mammary gland, thereby facilitating increased milk volume.