Int J Med Sci
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Neurologic abnormalities occurring after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) remain a significant concern. However, molecular mechanisms leading to DHCA-related cerebral injury are still ill-defined. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed non-coding RNAs and can play important roles in different types of cerebral injury. ⋯ Then a circRNA-microRNA (miRNA) interaction network involving 4 candidate circRNAs was constructed. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis of the miRNA-targeting mRNAs of every candidate circRNA was conducted to gain insight into each of the 4 circRNAs. Our study provided a better understanding of circRNAs in the mechanisms of DHCA-related cerebral injury and some potential targets for neuroprotection.
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Chewing is beneficial not only for digestion and absorption of food, but also for various physiological functions, such as cognition and immunity. In this study, the effect of chewing on hormonal changes and the immune response was investigated under fasting conditions in mice. We investigated leptin and corticosterone levels, which are hormones with well-known associations with immune response and large changes during fasting. ⋯ In contrast, chewing stimulation inhibited the increase in corticosterone production, but did not affect the decrease in leptin levels. Antibody production significantly increased under separate and combined treatments. Taken together, our results showed that chewing stimulation during fasting inhibited the increase in corticosterone production and improved antibody production after immunization.
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Adverse drug events due to drug-drug interactions can be prevented by avoiding concomitant use of causative drugs; therefore, it is important to understand drug combinations that cause drug-drug interactions. Although many attempts to identify drug-drug interactions from real-world databases such as spontaneous reporting systems have been performed, little is known about drug-drug interactions caused by three or more drugs in polypharmacy, i.e., multiple drug-drug interactions. Therefore, we attempted to detect multiple drug-drug interactions using decision tree analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database, a Japanese spontaneous reporting system. ⋯ Additionally, necrosis of leg muscles was observed in some rats simultaneously treated with these three drugs, and their creatine kinase and myoglobin levels were elevated. The combination of pitavastatin, allopurinol, and valsartan should be treated with caution as a multiple drug-drug interaction. Since multiple drug-drug interactions were detected with decision tree analysis and the increased risk was verified in animal experiments, decision tree analysis is considered to be an effective method for detecting multiple drug-drug interactions.
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Objective: To determine the nationwide prevalence of malignant neoplasms (excluding hepatocellular carcinoma-HCC) in hospitalized liver transplant recipients and to study the hospital utilization, and mortality to the incidence of malignancies. To the best of our knowledge, few epidemiological studies addressed outcomes in post-liver transplant patients, such as the annual number of hospitalizations, mortality, patient characteristics regarding malignancies. Methods: NIS database was queried between 2016 and 2018 to retrieve records of patients admitted with a principal or secondary diagnosis of liver transplant following the International Classification of Diseases, tenth Revision (ICD-10). ⋯ Conclusions: Malignancies were frequent among elderly patients and predominantly in males. Lymphoproliferative diseases were the most prevalent malignancy types, followed by respiratory/lung cancer- which showed the highest mortality risk of all cancers. LTX patients are at increased risk of head and neck cancers, skin cancers, lymphoma, tumors, and Myelodysplastic syndrome compared to non-LTX patients.
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Loss of renal function may render hemodialysis patients more susceptible to infectious diseases, which is the second of all-causes mortality in this population. In addition to infection caused by the classic Klebsiella pneumoniae (cKp), however, hemodialysis staffs are now facing new challenge with growing prevalence of the carbapenem-resistant Kp (CR-Kp) and hypervirulent Kp (hvKp) as they are respectively associated with increased drug-resistance and virulence. We therefore chose to share our recent experience in treating severe infections either caused (cKp, CR-Kp, hvKp) or complicated (CR-hvKp) by these strains in hemodialysis patients. ⋯ Since reports of complicated hvKp infection in hemodialysis patients were rare, we also discussed in details this clinical entity focusing on its epidemiology, mechanism of increased virulence and involvement of the arteriovenous fistula as insidious source of persistent septicemia. By covering the full spectrum of clinically relevant Kp stains specifically from the viewpoint of nephrology, our work had highlighted the importance of infection control in uremic state and vice versa. As such, it may greatly raise the awareness of dialysis staffs against the challenge of evolving Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in hemodialysis patients and expeditiously reach a higher degree of readiness which was proved to be the key determinant of ultimate survival.