Int J Med Sci
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Review Meta Analysis
Smoking and Unstable Plaque in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases.
Smoking is a risk factor of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that could increase matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels, leading to unstable coronary artery plaque. The current review aimed to identify the relationship between smoking and MMPs in patients with ACS. Literature search was conducted from inception until March 2022 in three online databases. ⋯ Additionally, a meta-analysis of two studies resulted in an increased odd of ACS in smokers with MMP-3 5A allele versus non-smokers with MMP-3 6A6A allele (OR: 15.94, 95% CI: 10.63-23.92; I2 =55%). In conclusion, the current review highlights the role of MMPs in relation to smoking and ACS. The determination of these roles may help in identifying new ACS markers among smokers and the development of drug-targeted treatment.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in various medical fields, such as image diagnosis, pathological classification, selection of treatment schemes, and prognosis analysis. Especially in the image-aided diagnosis of tumors, the cooperation of human-computer interactions has become mature. ⋯ The CDSS was currently used and promoted worldwide including Watson for Oncology, Chinese society of clinical oncology-artificial intelligence (CSCO AI) and so on. This paper summarized the applications and clarified the principle of AI in CDSS, analyzed the difficulties of AI in oncology decisions, and provided a reference scheme for the application of AI in oncology decisions in the future.
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Objective: Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age. A pituitary adenoma (PA) is the most common type of brain tumor that causes HPRL. In the neurosurgical field, the co-existence of PA and PCOS is not common. ⋯ PCOS patients with a PRL level of ≥ 52.9 ng/mL may need to undergo sella MRI for detecting PAs. To help ensure a favorable clinical course for these patients, systematic diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up plan should be established. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving both neurosurgery and gynecology is essential.
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Bone and joint diseases are a group of clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by various bone strength disorders, bone structural defects and bone mass abnormalities. Common bone diseases include osteoporosis, skeletal dysplasia, and osteosarcoma, and common joint diseases include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and degenerative disc disease. all of them lead to high medical costs. The miR-30 family consists of a total of 5 members: miR-30a, miR-30b, miR-30c, miR-30d and miR-30e. ⋯ For example, miR-30a is highly expressed in blood samples of osteoporosis patients, miR-30a/b increases in cartilage tissue of osteoarthritis patients, and lower expression of miR-30c is associated with higher malignance and shorter survival time of osteosarcoma. Mechanistically, by targeting crucial transcription factors (RUNX2, SOX9, beclin-1, etc.), the miR-30 family regulates some critical pathways of bone homeostasis (Wnt/β-Catenin, mTOR, PI3K/AKT, etc.). In view of the distinct actions of the miR-30 family on bone metabolism, we hypothesize that the miR-30 family may be a new remedy for the clinical treatment and prevention of some bone and joint diseases.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally, and it can proceed to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and other complications, resulting in a massive economic burden. At the moment, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is thought to be a possible treatment target for NAFLD, besides Cluster of differentiation 38(CD38) is the primary NAD+ degrading enzyme in mammals and may play a role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. ⋯ CD38 inhibitors enhance glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice and lipid accumulation in the liver is greatly decreased in CD38-deficient mice. This review describes the role of CD38 in the development of NAFLD in terms of Macrophage-1, insulin resistance, and abnormal lipid accumulation in order to offer recommendations for future NAFLD pharmacological trials.