Int J Med Sci
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Comparative Study
Comparison of the Effects of Four Laser Wavelengths on Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) in a Murine Model: An In Vivo Photobiomodulation Study.
Background: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of lasers at various wavelengths in treating medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using biochemical, clinical scoring, micro CT analysis, and histopathological methods. The study follows the ARRIVE guidelines to ensure robust and transparent research. Methods: In our study, there were 6 groups, including one SHAM group, one CONTROL group, and four experimental groups, with 8 rats in each individual group. ⋯ Furthermore, the 660nm and 808nm wavelengths increased serum vitamin D levels significantly. The most successful outcomes were observed in clinical scoring, dead bone count, epithelial cell regeneration, and bone density in the 660nm and 808nm wavelength groups. Conclusions: The combined use of lasers at 660nm and 808nm wavelengths may yield successful results in treating MRONJ.
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Background: Ferroptosis is an iron-driven cell-death mechanism that plays a central role in various diseases. Recent studies have suggested that baicalein inhibits ferroptosis, making it a promising therapeutic candidate. Materials and Methods: Fibroblast cultures were treated with different agents to determine the effects of baicalein on ferroptosis. ⋯ Discussion: The ability of baicalein to counteract RSL3-induced ferroptosis underscores its potential protective effects, especially in diseases characterized by oxidative stress and iron overload in fibroblasts. Conclusion: Baicalein may serve as a potent therapeutic agent against conditions in which ferroptosis is harmful. The compound's efficacy in halting RSL3-triggered ferroptosis in fibroblasts paves the way for further in vivo experiments and clinical trials.
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Purpose: Mounting evidence indicates that psychological stress adversely affects cancer progression including tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of chronic stress-induced microbiome perturbation in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Methods: Chronic restraint stress (CRS) was used to establish the chronic stress mouse model, behavioral tests were used for the CRS model evaluation. ⋯ Furthermore, the LC-MS data indicated that with only 2 exceptions of carpaine and DG (15:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0), the majority of these 24 metabolites were less abundant in CRS-exposed mice. Bioinformatics analysis and correlation analyses indicated that only Ruminoscoccaceae-UCG-014 was significantly associated with inflammation (IL-6), neurotransmission (5-HT), and microbial metabolism (PS). Conclusion: CRS exposure altered diversity, composition and metabolites of the gut microbiome, with Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 perturbation consistently correlated to inflammatory responses, suggesting a particular role of this bacterial genus in CRC growth and metastasis.
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Arbutin, predominantly derived from the bearberry plant, exhibits promising immunomodulatory properties. Given its ability to influence the programmed cell death-ligand 1/ programmed cell death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) pathway, it is emerging as a potential alternative treatment for cancer. A reduced expression of PD-L1, as seen after arbutin treatment, can bolster immune responses critical step in effective tumor immunotherapy. ⋯ Arbutin can downregulate the expression of PD-L1 on the cell surface via the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The findings suggest the protective role of arbutin and provide novel insights into immunotherapy, which involves inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Arbutin might serve as a potential therapeutic agent alone or in combination with other treatments.
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Synuclein family members (Snca, Sncb, and Scng) are expressed in the retina, but their precise locations and roles are poorly understood. We performed an extensive analysis of the single-cell transcriptome in healthy and injured retinas to investigate their expression patterns and roles. We observed the expression of all synuclein family members in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which remained consistent across species (human, mouse, and chicken). ⋯ However, the proportion of α-Syn-positive RGCs in all RGCs and α-Syn-positive intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in all ipRGCs remained unaltered. Lastly, we identified changes in communication patterns preceding cell death, with particular significance in the pleiotrophin-nucleolin (Ptn-Ncl) and neural cell adhesion molecule signaling pathways, where communication differences were pronounced between cells with varying expression levels of Snca. Our study employs an innovative approach using scRNA-seq to characterize synuclein expression in health retinal cells, specifically focusing on RGC subtypes, advances our knowledge of retinal physiology and pathology.