Int J Med Sci
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main factors of death and disability in adults with a high incidence worldwide. Nervous system injury, as the most common and serious secondary injury after TBI, determines the prognosis of TBI patients. NAD+ has been confirmed to have neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in TBI remains to be explored. ⋯ GO analysis also demonstrated that inflammatory response was the most significant biological process reversed by NMN treatment. Moreover, the reversed DEGs were typically enriched in NF-Kappa B signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Taken together, our data showed that NMN alleviated neurological impairment via anti-neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury and the mechanisms may involve TLR2/4-NF-κB signaling.
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Metformin is the most often prescribed drug for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). More than 120 million patients with T2D use metformin worldwide. However, monotherapy fails to achieve glycemic control in a third of the treated patients. ⋯ The impacts of variations associated with various genes are analysed to identify and evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the therapeutic activity of metformin. The metabolic pattern of T2D and metformin is also indicated. This is to emphasise that studies of pharmacogenetics and metabolomics could expand our knowledge of metformin response in T2D.
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Review Meta Analysis
Smoking and Unstable Plaque in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases.
Smoking is a risk factor of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that could increase matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels, leading to unstable coronary artery plaque. The current review aimed to identify the relationship between smoking and MMPs in patients with ACS. Literature search was conducted from inception until March 2022 in three online databases. ⋯ Additionally, a meta-analysis of two studies resulted in an increased odd of ACS in smokers with MMP-3 5A allele versus non-smokers with MMP-3 6A6A allele (OR: 15.94, 95% CI: 10.63-23.92; I2 =55%). In conclusion, the current review highlights the role of MMPs in relation to smoking and ACS. The determination of these roles may help in identifying new ACS markers among smokers and the development of drug-targeted treatment.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in various medical fields, such as image diagnosis, pathological classification, selection of treatment schemes, and prognosis analysis. Especially in the image-aided diagnosis of tumors, the cooperation of human-computer interactions has become mature. ⋯ The CDSS was currently used and promoted worldwide including Watson for Oncology, Chinese society of clinical oncology-artificial intelligence (CSCO AI) and so on. This paper summarized the applications and clarified the principle of AI in CDSS, analyzed the difficulties of AI in oncology decisions, and provided a reference scheme for the application of AI in oncology decisions in the future.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Long-Term Wear and Discontinuation of Orthokeratology Lenses on the Eyeball Parameters in Children with Myopia.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of long-term wear and discontinuation of the orthokeratology lenses (Orth-K) on the biological parameters of eyeballs in children with myopia. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 308 subjects with myopia were randomized to receive Orth-K (n = 154) or single vision spectacles (SVS) (n = 154) for 12 months followed by a 1-month withdrawal period. The axial length (AL), the central corneal thickness (CCT), the anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the central lens thickness (CLT) were assessed at the baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 13 months (1-month after lens withdrawal). ⋯ Furthermore, at 12-months, CLT in Orth-K group was 3.35 ± 0.21 mm, significantly thicker than 3.31 ± 0.15 mm at baseline and thicker than 3.30 ± 0.05 mm in SVS group at 12 months (all p < 0.05). Lastly, ACD was not statistically different between Orth-K and SVS groups at any time point (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Orthokeratology lenses can effectively retard axial elongation, reversibly reduce CCT, increase CLT in myopic children, but have no obvious effect on ACD, indicating that Orth-K may significantly retard myopia without noticeable myopia rebound after interruption of Orth-K.