J Natl Med Assoc
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Multicenter Study
Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Tumor Grade Among Black Men with Prostate Cancer.
Prostate cancer affects black men disproportionately. Black men have an increased incidence of prostate cancer diagnoses at earlier ages and higher grade as indicated by Gleason score, compared to other races. This study investigates the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on prostate cancer tumor grade among black men. ⋯ SES differences among black men did not fully explain the high grade of prostate cancer. Further research is needed on the biology of the disease and to assess access to medical care and prostate health education, discrimination, stress exposures, and social norms that might contribute to the aggressiveness of prostate cancer among black men.
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Multicenter Study
Challenges in Recruiting, Retaining and Promoting Racially and Ethnically Diverse Faculty.
Despite individual and institutional awareness of the inequity in retention, promotion and leadership of racially and ethnically underrepresented minority faculty in academic medicine, the number of such faculty remains unacceptably low. The authors explored challenges to the recruitment, retention and promotion of underrepresented faculty among a sample of leaders at academic medical centers. ⋯ Despite a generally positive climate, the lack of a critical mass remains a barrier to recruitment of racially and ethnically underrepresented faculty in medicine. Programs and resources committed to retention and promotion of minority faculty and institutional leadership are critical to building a diverse faculty.
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Multicenter Study
Ethnic Manifestations of Gene Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) in Adolescents of Western Kazakhstan Region.
The objective of the article is studying the connection of VDR gene polymorphisms with bone tissue mineral density and biochemical marker of 25-PO vitamin D in adolescents of both ethnic groups, living in Western Kazakhstan Region. ⋯ Disorders of bone mineralization and metabolism depend on ethnic affiliation and presence of defined polymorphic genotypes of VDR gene molecular markers. Genotype Tt is a normal variant of gene polymorphism and is characterized by significantly less 25-PO vitamin D content in adolescents of Kazakh ethnic group, in comparison with their age mates of Slavonic ethnic group.
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Nigeria is one of the ten countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden globally and is experiencing an increasing incidence of drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (DR-TB) among patients screened at the TB clinic of a tertiary institution in Lagos, South-West, Nigeria. ⋯ The burden of DR-TB may be higher than previously thought. Drug resistance testing should be made more available to detect cases and thus control the emerging problem.
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One of the most harmful accusations one Black adolescent can hurl at another is the acting White accusation (AWA). The AWA is an attack against an individual's ethnic/racial identity and many have described it as a bullying experience. Those who experience the AWA frequently and are bothered by it might perceive the accusation as bullying for these reasons, and peer victimization has been associated with several negative outcomes including social anxiety. ⋯ The results also indicated that bother experienced when receiving the accusation was positively associated with social anxiety, while both bother and frequency of the accusation were positively associated with bullying victimization. These findings suggest that adolescents interpret the accusation as a negative evaluation. Additionally, the more an adolescent experiences the accusation and the more bothered he or she is by it, the more victimized they feel.