J Res Med Sci
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Cervical regional nodal involvement, as the first manifestation of prostatic cancer, has been rarely reported. Prostate cancer metastasis to the supraclavicular lymph nodes with negative immunohistochemical stain of PSA is even rarer. We report a case of prostate cancer with negative immunohistochemical stain of prostate-specific antigen presenting with left supraclavicular node enlargement. ⋯ Although rare, prostate cancer should be considered in the differential diagnoses of elderly men with undetermined original adenocarcinoma, metastatic to the supraclavicular lymph nodes. Rectal examination, serum PSA and pelvic image can be helpful to lead the diagnosis. PSA stain may be weak or negative in some poorly differentiated patients, however, it is still a sensitive and specific marker of prostatic differentiation and must be routinely applied.
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Studentship period is a time when most behavioral traits are being created and fixed; this is a special time when students may start smoking. Thus in the present research, prevalence of smoking in university students in Iran has been evaluated. ⋯ The variation of smoking in students in different universities shows that the tendency of smoking varies in different locations. Furthermore, compatible with the prevalence of smoking in the general population in Iran, female students smoke much less than male students.
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Elective knee surgery for repairing anterior cruciate ligament is usually associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain, and, therefore, selecting appropriate analgesia can considerably facilitate pain control and patient's discharge. This study was designed to compare the analgesic effectiveness of administration of ropivacaine or ropivacaine plus ketamine on pain control and improvement of muscle weakness after anterior cruciate ligament repair in adults. ⋯ Our study shows that the addition of a ketamine 1 mg/kg to 0.1% ropivacaine via pump infusion after repairing anterior cruciate ligament could not improve pain control and muscle weakness.
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The objective of this study is to optimize the effective dose of heparin and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection (LHI) for drug combination. ⋯ Optimal combined doses of LHI and heparin preventing blood coagulation were determined and the results were available. It may give some hint for the further clinical application on human.