J Res Med Sci
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Because the effects of cricoid pressure (CP) on BIS values have not been evaluated, this prospective study was designed to assess the BIS values after application of CP in adult patients during the routine induction of general anesthesia. ⋯ It was concluded that the application of CP in combination with laryngoscopy and intubation increases the BIS values, which show the inadequacy of anesthesia and hypnosis during the routine induction of anesthesia.
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Levobupivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% were shown to be equally effective in spinal anaesthesia. In previous studies, low dose bupivacaine with an intrathecal opioid was used successfully in urological surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and block quality of low dose levobupivacaine, and compare it with low dose bupivacaine when they are combined with fentanyl in transurethral resection of prostate surgery. ⋯ In conclusion, for transurethral prostate surgery 5 mg levobupivacaine with 25 μg fentanyl can provide stable hemodynamic profile, patient and surgeon satisfaction and effective sensorial blockade with less motor blockade in spinal anaesthesia; so it could be used at low doses as a good alternative to bupivacaine.
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Case Reports
Is Chiari malformation a cause of systemic hypertension and sinus bradycardia? A case report and literature review.
A middle aged woman, having a history of diastolic hypertension and sinus bradycardia since one year ago, was referred to our center with a sudden occipital headache after shouting. To evaluate the cause of headache the brain MRI was performed reporting a slight cerebellar tonsillar herniation of about one centimeter below the foramen magnum. ⋯ Type I Chiari malformation is a disease mostly caused by congenital displacement of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. The most common symptom is headache, rarely reported with hypertension or sinus bradycardia.
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Despite the high prevalence and morbidity, tinnitus still remains an obscure symptom. We assessed the efficacy of low-level laser for treatment of tinnitus. ⋯ Transmeatal low-level laser irradiation is effective for the treatment of tinnitus and some variables like age and job can affect the treatment outcome.
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) constitute an enormous burden for the society. The aim of the present study was to detect, document, assess and report the suspected ADRs and preparation of guidelines to minimize the incidence of ADRs. ⋯ Measures to improve detection and reporting of adverse drug reactions by all health care professionals is recommended to be undertaken, to ensure, and improve patient's safety. In this way, hospital/clinical pharmacists play the cornerstone role.