J Res Med Sci
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Insulin resistance (IR) is mentioned to be a disorder in insulin ability in insulin-target tissues. Skeletal muscle (SkM) and liver function are more affected by IR than other insulin target cells. SkM is the main site for the consumption of ingested glucose. ⋯ Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can improve beta-cell mass and function. Multiple studies have shown that GABA decreases IR probably via increase in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) gene expression and prevention of gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver. This review focused on the general aspects of IR in skeletal muscle (SkM), liver; the cellular mechanism(s) lead to the development of IR in these organs, and the role of GABA to reduce insulin resistance.
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The confirmed and suspected cases of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have increased in the entire world. There is still no vaccine or definitive treatment for this virus due to its unknown pathogenesis and proliferation pathways. Optimized supportive care remains the main therapy, and the clinical efficacy for the subsequent agents is still under investigation. ⋯ In this article, we have summarized the current guidance on potential COVID-19 management options. The recent experience with COVID-19 provided lessons on strategy and policymaking that the government and ministry of health should be on the alert and concentrate more on capacity to manage an outbreak like COVID-19. It is important to consider the new data that emerge daily regarding clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for COVID-19.
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COVID-19 has caused significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Recent reports point toward the "cytokine storm" as core of pathogenesis in SAR-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coagulopathy, and multiorgan failure. We have presented clinical data here wherein cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients do not match typical cytokine storm seen in ARDS. ⋯ We hypothesized that core to pathogenesis of COVID-19 is the dysregulation of neutrophils, which culminates in excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Recently, an increasing amount of NETs have been seen in sera of severe COVID-19 patients. We have discussed here mechanisms involved which lead to thrombogenesis and vasculitis because of excessive release of NETs.
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Review
Determining the factors affecting energy metabolism and energy requirement in cancer patients.
Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It is a generic name for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. ⋯ Due to the difficulty in directly measuring the TEE, resting energy expenditure, which is the largest component of the TEE, is often used in the determination of the energy requirement. In this study, the effects of disease-specific factors such as tumor burden, inflammation, weight loss and cachexia on energy metabolism in cancer patients were investigated.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common upper gastrointestinal disorder with a negative impact on the quality of life. This study was aimed to assess the effect of adding duloxetine to lansoprazole on the symptom and quality of life improvement in GERD patients. ⋯ We found that the combination of duloxetine and lansoprazole is a safe and tolerable regimen, and it can significantly improve anxiety, heartburn, coffee consumption, the quality of sleep, and life in patients who suffer from the symptoms of GERD.