Pak J Med Sci
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Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently complain of sleep disturbances such as insomnia and nightmares. Evaluation of sleep disturbances is often difficult due to the subjective nature of the complaints. Polysomnography (PSG) and other sleep studies are generally not indicated in the evaluation of insomnia or nightmares associated with PTSD. Actigraphy, (electronic activity monitoring) has been used in research to evaluate sleep disturbances in patients with PTSD. We reviewed the literature on the use of actigraphy in evaluation of sleep problems in patients with PTSD. ⋯ Actigraphy has been used to evaluate circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Use of actigraphy in psychiatry clinics is uncommon. There is no data to support that there are specific actigraphic sleep related findings in PTSD patients. However, it can be a useful tool to complement the use of sleep diaries when assessing sleep and wake patterns in patients with PTSD.
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To see the various clinical presentations and biochemical profile in adult celiac disease patients of Hyderabad Sindh. ⋯ This study showed that Adult celiac disease was present with entirely different clinical and biochemical profile in patients in this region.
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To determine the frequency, severity and risk indicators of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes attending a primary care diabetes centre. ⋯ Every forth patient with diabetes in this large cohort had signs of diabetic retinopathy. Females and patients in working age group predominantly had retinopathy. Type 2 patients with short while type 1 patients with long history of diabetes most frequently had DR. Dissemination of the present study findings may help in increasing the awareness of this serious complication of diabetes.
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Objective : Disabled-2 (Dab2) is an important endocytic adaptor which plays an inhibition role in cancer cell growth. The objective of this study was to systematically review expressions of Dab2 in human cancers. Methods : Eligible studies about Dab2 in human cancers were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science. ⋯ The results indicated loss expressions of Dab2 were observed in 74.9% and 46.9% in human malignant cancer tissues and cancer cell lines, respectively. The ratio of Dab2 promotor hypermethylation is 34.54% in cancer tissues which Dab2 expression are lost, but none in the control tissues or cells by Methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Conclusions : The expressions of Dab2 are frequently lost in human malignant cancer tissues, and promotor hypermethylation of Dab2 are common in human malignant cancer tissues, which is an important factor for the loss expression of Dab2 in human cancers tissues.
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Intensive Care Units (ICUs) experience higher infection rates due to the severity of illness and frequent use of invasive devices. Use of personal protective equipment reduces the risk of acquiring an infection. This study has been conducted to determine the role of using shoe covers by medical staff and visitors on infection rates, mortality and length of stay in ICU. ⋯ Use of shoe covers in critical care area is not helpful in preventing infections of common ICU pathogens and length of stay in ICU patients; nor has it decreased the mortality.