Pak J Med Sci
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Clinical predictors of an abnormal ultrasound in patients presenting with suspected nephrolithiasis.
To determine any clinical features associated with an abnormal ultrasound in patients with suspected nephrolithiasis in an out-patient setting. ⋯ In the absence of any significant clinical predictors use of ultrasound is justified in patients with suspected nephrolithiasis especially in those with prior history of stones.
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To determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and breast cancer. ⋯ Findings of our study conclude that vitamin D deficiency is associated with risk of breast cancer.
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Thyroid nodules are very common in our setup and their diagnosis on fine needle aspiration is not easy and is a taxing affair. It is a challenge to differentiate between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma without histology. Our objective was to investigate the role of Galectin-3 in fine needle aspirates of thyroid nodules as a prospective diagnostic marker and consequently its ability to differentiate benign from malignant neoplasms. ⋯ Galectin-3immunomarker is considerably expressed in malignant tumors, but it is not expressed in benign follicular lesions.
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Seizures are one of the neurodegenerative disorders of human being. Metformin has antioxidant properties and commonly used as an oral antidiabetic drug. The current study was aimed to observe the neuroprotective effect of metformin against PTZ-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in human cortical neuronal cell culture. ⋯ Our finding suggest that metformin exposure attenuates PTZ-induced neuronal cell death may act as a safe therapeutics and neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neuronal loss as result of seizure.
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Clinical and basic research increasingly suggests a correlation between migraine and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical features and risk factors for IBS in migraine patients. ⋯ Migraine patients with a long headache history, recurrent episodic headache attacks, and anxiety were more likely to have IBS.