Pak J Med Sci
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The present study was conducted to determine nursing students' levels of ethical decision-making. ⋯ The students paid attention to consider ethical principles when making decisions about ethical dilemmas; however, they are also affected by environmental factors as well. Sex and class level were found to be influential in the process of ethical decision making.
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Students perception towards feedback in clinical sciences in an outcome-based integrated curriculum.
Feedback has been identified as one of the key strategies for learning in the outcome-based curriculum. Students are more interested in their grades paying little attention to the feedback, may not understand the importance of feedback and its effect on their performance because of their perception, and beliefs. Non-constructive feedback will not result in the improvement of the students' performance. This study aims to explore; student's perception of useful feedback; the purpose of feedback and believes about written feedback. ⋯ Students are aware of the purpose of feedback. Senior students give more value to feedback and in the opinion that feedback provides useful suggestions for future improvement and limited feedback is the reason for frustration. The results highlight the need for more structured feedback mechanism, and there is a need for faculty engagement in training to fill the existing gapes to create an effective educational alliance.
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To evaluate the demographic and clinical features associated with acetaminophen overdose and to identify the clinical use of IV (intravenous) N- Acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment in children. ⋯ This study confirms that the side effects due to IV NAC therapy are uncommon and it is generally well tolerated in children.
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To compare the effects of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and a combination of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) with ultrasound (US) therapy on pain and functionality in patients with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. ⋯ HILT and TENS+US combined with exercise were effective treatment modalities in decreasing the VAS and ODI scores. TENS+US combined with exercises were more effective than HILT combined with exercise.
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Biotransformation of xenobiotics are critical for their metabolism and removal from the body which is carried out by xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Individuals carrying variants of genes that encode these enzymes have an altered ability to metabolize xenobiotics which may lead to an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions in causing predisposition to adult ALL. ⋯ The results reveal that homozygous null polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1genes does not influence ALL susceptibility among adult patients. Cancer susceptibility associated with GST polymorphism varies with ethnic and geographic differences. Therefore, further investigation on different populations is needed to understand the role of these genetic variations in modifying adult ALL risk.