Pak J Med Sci
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To evaluate the clinical safety of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) harvesting in hemodynamically unstable patients after establishing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. ⋯ The study showed that LIMA can be safely harvested in unstable patients after establishing extracorporeal circulation and by using this operative strategy in patients who need urgent or emergent surgical coronary revascularization LIMA can be safely used as a conduit.
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To determine the frequency of disease staging according to international scoring system in patients who are newly diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma (MM) at a tertiary care hospital at Karachi. ⋯ Multiple myeloma is relatively common in 5th decade, with male predominance. International Staging System have great potential for characterizing and stratifying multiple myeloma and revealed a predominance of advanced stage III disease in our setting.
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Learning is an interplay between cognition and environmental factors. Any learning environment, that fulfills the intrinsic and extrinsic needs of the students will probably lead to better and more promising learning outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the student perceptions of Learning Environment (LE) in four health schools of a large university and compare between schools, years of study, and gender. ⋯ The LE significantly differed by year and gender. The students from non-integrated curricula (nursing and AMS) perceived the LE less positively than their integrated curriculum counterparts (medicine and dentistry). A qualitative study is needed to investigate the variation in the perception of LE among these groups.
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Association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors.
To find out the association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors. ⋯ This study concludes that positive maternal history of wearing spectacles is associated with the ophthalmic examination of children in both public and private school.
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This study determined whether there is a statistically significant difference between efficient and inefficient Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of health indicators using fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA). ⋯ This study shows the number of physicians was the most important determinant affecting the efficiency of a country's healthcare system. Inefficient countries had a greater mean for number of physicians. Thus, inefficient countries consume more resources than efficient ones.